Fuel Return Valve Fault Detection via Multi-Flight Oil Temperature Trends

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing systems fail to effectively detect malfunctions in the Fuel Return Valve (FRV) that impact the cooling of the Integrated Drive Generator (IDG) and propulsion engine oil, leading to reduced longevity and performance.

Innovation Solution

A method and system for monitoring the FRV operation using electronic circuitry and temperature sensors to detect changes in oil temperature thresholds over multiple flights, generating an alarm when predetermined temperature limits are exceeded, facilitating maintenance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If the FRV is closed to increase fuel flow for cooling, then the cooling efficiency of IDG and propulsion engine oil is improved, but the fuel consumption of the propulsion engine increases due to recirculation of hot fuel

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoil temperatureVSAvoidfuel consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system continuously monitors oil temperature at the IDG outlet and propulsion engine supply, compares it against threshold values, and automatically triggers an alarm when thresholds are exceeded, enabling feedback-based control of the FRV operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses existing temperature sensors and fuel flow data already present in the aircraft systems to self-monitor and detect FRV malfunction without requiring additional complex sensing or actuation mechanisms

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Duration of action of stationary object

If the FRV is closed to maintain oil cooling during descent, then the longevity and performance of IDG is improved, but the system complexity increases due to potential sensor and control unit failures

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveIDG longevityVSAvoidsensor and control system
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of stationary objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The monitoring system uses feedback from existing temperature sensors to detect when oil temperature exceeds thresholds, which indirectly indicates FRV malfunction, thereby simplifying the detection mechanism

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses oil temperature as an intermediary parameter to indirectly detect FRV malfunction, rather than directly monitoring the valve position or sensor status, which simplifies the monitoring architecture

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If temperature monitoring is performed continuously to detect FRV malfunction early, then the reliability of IDG cooling is improved, but the loss of information increases due to insufficient data during descent phases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling system reliabilityVSAvoidtemperature data during descent
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically adjusts the threshold values for temperature monitoring based on flight phase (cruise vs. descent), allowing effective detection during both phases while accounting for the reduced fuel flow and cooling capacity during descent

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the temperature threshold parameters based on flight conditions, using different threshold values for cruise and descent phases to maintain detection sensitivity across varying operating conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Facilitates early detection of FRV malfunctions, ensuring effective cooling of the IDG and propulsion engine oil, thereby maintaining system longevity and performance.

Implementation Method 1

a first oil temperature sensor providing oil temperature measurements at the outlet port of the IDG

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature sensing: Thermocouple

Implementation Method 2

a second oil temperature sensor providing propulsion engine supply oil temperature measurements

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature sensing: Thermocouple

Implementation Method 3

The oil used to cool the IDG circulates in a closed circuit and is cooled, via an oil cooler, by the fuel supplying the propulsion engine

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchange: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 4

The oil used to cool the IDG circulates in a closed circuit and is cooled, via an oil cooler, by the fuel supplying the propulsion engine

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Data Source

PatentEP4339437B1Method for detecting a malfunction of a fuel return valve in an aircraft
Publication Date: 2025.07.02 AIRBUS OPERATIONS (SAS)
  • EP4339437B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4339437B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3

AI summary

In an aircraft, a fuel return valve (FRV) controls the flow of fuel used to cool the oil supplying a propulsion engine and the oil in an integrated drive generator (IDG). A first sensor provides oil temperature measurements at the IDG outlet port, and a second sensor provides oil temperature measurements for the propulsion engine. An FRV operating monitoring system: determines (202), for each flight of the aircraft, a maximum oil temperature at the IDG outlet port and/or a maximum oil temperature for the propulsion engine; evaluates (203) the evolution of either or both of the maximum oil temperatures over several flights; and generates (205) an alarm when the evolution of either or both of the maximum oil temperatures exceeds a predetermined threshold. This facilitates FRV maintenance.