Fuel Sensor with Shielding and Dual-Mode Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing sensors for measuring electrochemical properties of fluids in electromagnetically polluted environments, such as those in vehicles, face challenges like interference, measurement errors due to electromagnetic interference, and dirt build-up, especially when designed for dynamic sensing or large tanks, leading to reduced accuracy and reliability.

Innovation Solution

A sensor design with axial inner electrodes and a cylindrical or frustoconical outer electrode, housed in a fuel rail, utilizing a shielding element to reduce noise and prevent dirt build-up, with adjustable electrode spacing for optimal measurement sensitivity and resistance/capacitance detection, and integrated with a temperature probe for compensation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If the radial distance between electrodes is increased to facilitate fluid outflow and avoid dirt build-up, then the flow characteristics improve, but the sensor properties change from capacitive to resistive detection, reducing dynamic sensing capability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefluid outflowVSAvoiddynamic sensing capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a dual-mode detection system that can dynamically switch between capacitive and resistive detection modes. The sensor includes both a measuring capacitor (Cm) with adjustable electrode spacing for capacitive detection and a measuring resistor (Rm) for resistive detection, allowing the system to adapt to different fluid conditions and maintain optimal performance across varying operational requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Productivity

If the sensor is installed in proximity to interference sources such as combustion engines, then the sensor can monitor fuel properties in real-time, but electromagnetic interference affects the measurement process

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereal-time monitoringVSAvoidelectromagnetic interference
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a shielding element (Erdschirm) that is electrically connected to the housing and positioned between the electrodes and the external environment. This shielding structure converts the harmful electromagnetic interference into a controllable factor by providing a reference potential and creating a controlled electric field environment, thereby protecting the sensitive measurements while maintaining real-time monitoring capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

3Measurement precision

If laboratory equipment is used to measure electrochemical properties of fluids, then measurement accuracy is improved, but the equipment becomes complex and delicate, making practical use in vehicles hardly practicable

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrochemical property measurementVSAvoidequipment structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent integrates multiple detection functions into a single compact sensor unit. The sensor simultaneously provides capacitive detection (for dielectric constant measurement), resistive detection (for conductivity measurement), and temperature measurement, all within one device that can be directly installed in the fuel system. This multi-functional integration eliminates the need for separate laboratory equipment while maintaining measurement accuracy and enabling practical vehicle application.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The sensor provides accurate and reliable detection of fluid properties with reduced electromagnetic interference and improved sensitivity, capable of dynamic sensing and resistant to dirt build-up, ensuring precise measurements in electromagnetically challenging environments.

Implementation Method 1

a measuring capacitor (Cm) having an inner electrode (12, 13) and an outer electrode (14), said inner electrodes (12, 13) being arranged coaxially to said outer electrode (14), said inner electrodes (12, 13) and said outer electrode (14) being spaced apart from each other by a given radial distance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

a measuring capacitor (Cm) having an inner electrode (12, 13) and an outer electrode (14)... for detecting changes in the dielectric and/or in the electrical conductivity of the liquid fuel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectric: Dielectric

Implementation Method 3

a measuring resistor (Rm) having a first inner electrode (12, 13) and a second inner electrode (12, 13), said first inner electrode (12, 13) being arranged coaxially to said second inner electrode (12, 13), said first inner electrode (12, 13) and said second inner electrode (12, 13) being spaced apart from each other by a given axial distance... for detecting changes in the dielectric and/or in the electrical conductivity of the liquid fuel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical Resistance: Electrical Resistance

Implementation Method 4

a shielding element (24), in particular a housing, arranged to shield the inner electrodes (12, 13) and the outer electrode (14) from external interference

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrostatic shielding: Faraday Cage

Data Source

PatentEP2689242B1Fluids detection sensor and rail, in particular for automotive fuels
Publication Date: 2022.04.20 ELTEK SPA
  • EP2689242B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2689242B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2689242B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a sensor for detecting the properties of the fuel of an internal combustion engine. The sensor comprises at least one pair of internal electrodes (12, 13) extending in an axial direction relative lo a further or third external electrode (14) which surrounds them. The invention also relates lo a fuel rail (2) to which the sensor may be mounted, and a method for detecting the properties of the fluid.