Fuel Additives for Viscosity Control and Friction Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current lubricant compositions in internal combustion engines face challenges in maintaining low viscosity and reducing fuel consumption over the oil drain interval, which negatively impacts fuel economy, despite the use of viscosity control additives and detergents.

Innovation Solution

A liquid fuel composition comprising a gasoline base fuel, a viscosity control additive with kinematic viscosity of 27 cSt or less and NOACK volatility of 100%wt or less, and a friction modifier, such as alkoxylated amines, is used to improve fuel economy by controlling lubricant viscosity and reducing friction.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If viscosity control additives are used in lubricant compositions, then fuel economy performance is improved, but viscosity increases during the oil drain interval

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel economy performanceVSAvoidviscosity stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical parameters of the viscosity control additive by selecting specific compounds with controlled molecular weight and structure (polyalphaolefins with Mn 200-5000, esters with specific carbon chain lengths) to achieve optimal balance between initial low viscosity and viscosity stability throughout the oil drain interval

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite lubricant formulation combining multiple viscosity control additives (polyalphaolefins and esters) with base oil and other lubricant components, where each component contributes different properties that collectively maintain viscosity stability while improving fuel economy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Object-generated harmful factors

If detergent additives are used in fuel composition, then engine deposits are reduced, but friction modification and lubricity are not significantly improved

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveengine depositsVSAvoidfriction
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSForce

Solution Approach 1:

The patent selects fuel additives that perform multiple functions simultaneously: viscosity control additives that both control lubricant viscosity and provide friction modification, and detergent additives that both clean deposits and contribute to lubricity, eliminating the need for separate friction modifier additives

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses viscosity control additives as intermediaries that transfer from the fuel composition to the lubricant composition, where they mediate between the fuel system and lubricant system to provide both cleaning benefits and friction reduction without requiring direct friction modifier additives

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The fuel composition effectively improves fuel economy and lubricant performance by maintaining low viscosity and reducing friction, leading to enhanced fuel efficiency and engine performance.

Implementation Method 1

one of the properties of a lubricant composition which affects the fuel economy performance of that lubricant composition is viscosity. The lower the viscosity of the lubricant composition, the greater the fuel economy performance of that lubricant composition

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectViscosity control:

Implementation Method 2

a second fuel additive which is a friction modifier

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFriction reduction: Friction

Data Source

PatentEP2714859B1Liquid fuel compositions
Publication Date: 2018.12.26 SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ BV

AI summary

A liquid fuel composition comprising: (a) a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; (b) a first fuel additive selected from one or more viscosity control agents having: (i) a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 27 cSt or less; and (ii) a NOACK volatility at 250°C of 100 %wt or less; and (c) a second fuel additive selected from one or more friction modifiers. The present invention further provides a method of improving the fuel economy performance of an internal combustion engine, said method comprising fuelling an internal combustion engine containing an engine lubricant with a liquid fuel composition comprising: (a) a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; (b) a first fuel additive selected from one or more viscosity control agents having: (i) a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 27 cSt or less; and (ii) a NOACK volatility at 250°C of 100 %wt or less; and (c) a second fuel additive selected from one or more friction modifiers.