Full-Duplex Antenna Layout With Circular Polarization Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing antenna arrangements for high-frequency transceivers in full-duplex communication channels face challenges in achieving sufficient electromagnetic isolation between transmitter and receiver, often requiring complex and costly designs to prevent crosstalk and interference, especially in radar applications where transmitter and receiver operate at the same frequency.
Innovation Solution
The proposed antenna arrangement features a planar transmitting antenna group and a planar receiving antenna group, with each antenna connected to a balun for differential excitation, arranged in a spatial configuration that minimizes crosstalk by using a 180° phase shift and identical geometric structures, allowing for effective isolation and simple, cost-effective implementation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If metallic shielding or complex antenna arrangements are used to provide electromagnetic isolation between transmitter and receiver, then isolation performance is improved, but device complexity and manufacturing cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the polarization parameter of the electromagnetic waves transmitted by different communication partners. By using circular polarization with different rotation directions (right-handed vs. left-handed), the system achieves high electromagnetic isolation without requiring complex metallic shielding structures. This parameter change approach resolves the contradiction by maintaining isolation performance while simplifying the overall device complexity.
2Reliability
If different polarizations are used for transmission to achieve isolation, then electromagnetic isolation is improved, but the system requires precise control of polarization parameters
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs intrinsic chirality of the antenna structures to automatically generate the required circular polarization without additional active control mechanisms. The chiral antenna design inherently produces right-handed or left-handed circular polarization depending on its geometric configuration, eliminating the need for complex polarization control systems and making the system easier to operate while maintaining high isolation.
3Reliability
If special radiation characteristics are used to avoid interference, then electromagnetic isolation is improved, but antenna design complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses composite chiral structures that combine conducting materials with chiral geometric patterns to achieve special radiation characteristics. These chiral composite antenna designs inherently provide the required polarization diversity and isolation properties without requiring additional separate components or complex multi-layer structures, thus resolving the contradiction between isolation performance and design complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration achieves reliable full-duplex operation with improved insulation properties, enabling efficient data transmission even with offset communication partners and reducing channel distortions, while being suitable for high-frequency applications like contactless connectors.
Implementation Method 1
The individual antennas are connected in a differential manner to one another via baluns, wherein an adjacent first transmitting antenna and a second transmitting antenna are excited with a phase shift of 180° with respect to one another
Implementation Method 2
the two communication partners (sometimes referred to as 'transceiver arrangements') transmit the electromagnetic waves, for example, with circular polarization
Implementation Method 3
transmit the electromagnetic waves, for example, with circular polarization, each with a different direction of rotation
Data Source
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AI summary
The invention relates to an antenna arrangement (1) comprising one or more antennas (2, 3, 4, 5), an electrical circuit board (8) with a side surface (7) wherein the antennas (2, 3, 4, 5) are connected to the side surface, and an attenuation arrangement (37) arranged on the side surface (7), wherein the attenuation arrangement (37) comprises at least a first attenuation unit (38) with an access opening (39) within which the antennas (2, 3, 4, 5) are arranged together, and wherein a central axis (MD) of the access opening (39) extends along a main radiation direction (40) of the antenna arrangement (1).