Furfural Separation via Aromatic Solvent Extraction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for separating furfural from aqueous solutions, particularly those containing organic acids, face challenges due to the formation of azeotropes and inefficiencies in extraction processes, especially when dealing with complex solutions derived from biomass hydrolysis.

Innovation Solution

A process involving liquid-liquid extraction using a liquid aromatic phase comprising aromatic hydrocarbon compounds such as C1-6 alkyl substituted naphthalene and benzene, or a mixture of naphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene, to selectively extract furfural from a liquid aqueous phase containing levulinic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, or their mixtures, allowing for efficient separation without forming azeotropes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If distillation is used to separate furfural from aqueous solution, then separation can be achieved, but azeotropes form between furfural and water making the process problematic

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveseparation efficiencyVSAvoidprocess stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

An aromatic solvent (toluene, xylene, or benzene) is introduced as an intermediary substance to facilitate the separation of furfural from the aqueous phase. The solvent acts as a mediator that selectively extracts furfural through liquid-liquid extraction, avoiding the azeotrope formation problem that occurs with direct distillation. The aromatic solvent forms a separate organic phase that selectively dissolves furfural, enabling efficient separation without the reliability issues of azeotropic distillation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If conventional liquid-liquid extraction is used with simple hydrocarbons, then extraction can proceed, but extraction efficiency is insufficient for complex biomass hydrolysis solutions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveextraction efficiencyVSAvoidselectivity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The chemical parameters of the extraction solvent are changed from simple hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene, or benzene). This parameter change increases the solvent's ability to selectively extract furfural from complex biomass hydrolysis solutions. The aromatic structure provides better solubility parameters that match furfural, resulting in higher extraction efficiency and selectivity compared to conventional aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Manufacturing precision

If multiple extraction steps are used to achieve sufficient furfural separation, then separation purity improves, but process complexity and time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveseparation purityVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The furfural is selectively extracted in a single liquid-liquid extraction step using an aromatic solvent, removing it directly from the complex biomass hydrolysis solution. This single extraction operation achieves high separation purity without requiring multiple sequential extraction steps, thereby simplifying the overall process complexity and reducing processing time while maintaining high furfural recovery efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method enables the selective extraction of furfural from complex aqueous phases, leaving the aqueous phase depleted in furfural but rich in organic acids, with the aromatic hydrocarbon compounds facilitating recycling and reducing energy requirements, thus improving the cost-effectiveness of the process.

Implementation Method 1

a process for separating furfural from a liquid aqueous phase comprising furfural and one or more organic acids which process comprises a step a) extracting furfural from the liquid aqueous phase into a liquid organic phase to obtain a liquid organic phase comprising furfural

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLiquid-liquid extraction: Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Data Source

PatentEP2585184B1Process for separating furfural from a liquid aqueous phase comprising furfural and one or more organic acids
Publication Date: 2017.07.26 SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ BV
  • EP2585184B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2585184B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

A process for separating furfural from a liquid aqueous phase comprising furfural and one or more organic acids, which process comprises a step a) extracting furfural from the liquid aqueous phase into a liquid aromatic phase comprising one or more aromatic hydrocarbon compounds to obtain a liquid organic phase comprising furfural and one or more aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.