Fused DHP Polymer Dyes for Bright Analyte Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current water-soluble fluorescent polymers exhibit low brightness and limited compatibility with aqueous conditions, hindering their use in biological applications such as analyte detection, particularly when excited with lasers in the 355 nm to 405 nm range.
Innovation Solution
Development of novel water-soluble fluorescent polymers and tandems with specific structures, including monomers and co-monomers, that incorporate water-solubilizing moieties and linker moieties, allowing for enhanced brightness and compatibility with biological samples by conjugating to specific binding partners for analyte detection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Illumination intensity
If conventional organic violet dyes (coumarin, BODIPY, cyanine, squaraine) are used, then fluorescence detection is enabled, but brightness is limited due to low extinction coefficient (10,000-70,000 M−1 cm−1 at 405 nm)
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple chromophores into a single polymeric dye molecule, creating a fused dihydrophenanthrene (DHP) core structure that integrates multiple light-absorbing units. This combining approach increases the extinction coefficient and overall brightness while maintaining a unified molecular structure that can be excited at 405 nm or 355 nm wavelengths.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses composite material strategies by creating polymeric dyes with fused DHP cores that combine multiple chromophoric units into a single extended conjugated system. This composite structure achieves higher extinction coefficients than individual chromophores while maintaining water solubility through attached solubilizing groups.
2Illumination intensity
If polymeric dyes are designed for high brightness with multiple chromophores, then extinction coefficient increases, but water solubility decreases making them suitable only for material applications
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by attaching water-solubilizing moieties (such as sulfonate groups, carboxylic acid groups, or polyethylene glycol chains) to specific locations on the polymeric dye structure. This allows the core polymeric structure to maintain high brightness while localized hydrophilic groups provide water solubility, enabling the dye to function in aqueous biological environments.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical parameters of the polymeric dye by introducing ionizable groups (sulfonates, carboxylic acids) that can exist in charged states at physiological pH, dramatically improving water solubility. Alternatively, polyethylene glycol chains are attached to increase hydrophilicity without significantly affecting the optical properties of the DHP core.
3Adaptability or versatility
If water-soluble fluorescent polymers are developed for biological applications, then compatibility with aqueous conditions improves, but brightness remains limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates composite polymeric structures where multiple chromophores are fused into an extended DHP conjugated system. This composite approach allows the polymer to maintain water solubility through solubilizing groups while the extended conjugated core provides high extinction coefficient and brightness, simultaneously achieving both requirements for biological applications.
4Device complexity
If single chromophore molecules are used, then molecular simplicity is maintained, but extinction coefficient and brightness are limited to 10,000-70,000 M−1 cm−1
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple chromophoric units into a single fused DHP polymeric structure, creating one integrated molecule that contains multiple light-absorbing centers. This merging increases the extinction coefficient proportionally to the number of chromophores while maintaining a single molecular entity that can be synthesized and conjugated as one unit.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The new fluorescent polymers demonstrate increased brightness and water solubility, enabling effective detection of analytes in biological samples when excited with lasers in the 355 nm to 405 nm range, improving upon existing technologies.
Implementation Method 1
Water-soluble fluorescent polymers can be used in a variety of biological applications by generating signals in response to laser light excitation
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides fused dihydrophenanthrene (DHP) monomers and fluorescent fused DHP polymers, water-soluble fluorescent polymers and copolymers, water-soluble fluorescent polymer complexes, and their use in methods for detecting an analyte in a sample.