Integrated Aircraft Fuselage LH2 Tank Structure for Lower Weight

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing aircraft designs face challenges in efficiently integrating and safely storing liquid hydrogen due to the need for separate hydrogen tanks and additional structural support, which increases weight and complexity.

Innovation Solution

An aircraft fuselage design that integrates a liquid hydrogen tank within the fuselage structure using strengthened skin panels, frames, and pressure bulkheads, eliminating the need for separate tanks and additional support structures, and incorporating features like thermal insulation and pressure regulation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If a separate hydrogen tank is added in the cabin, then hydrogen storage capability is improved, but device complexity and weight increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehydrogen storage capabilityVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the hydrogen tank with the fuselage structure by making the tank wall formed by fuselage skin panels, frames, and bulkheads. The tank volume is defined by these structural elements rather than being a separate container. This integration eliminates the need for additional separate tank structures while maintaining hydrogen storage capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The fuselage structural elements (skin panels, frames, bulkheads) serve dual functions: providing structural support for the aircraft and forming the containment wall for hydrogen storage. This multi-functionality reduces overall device complexity by eliminating redundant structures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Reliability

If a separate hydrogen tank with additional support structures is used, then hydrogen storage safety is improved, but weight increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehydrogen storage safetyVSAvoidweight
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The hydrogen containment function is merged with the fuselage structure. The same skin panels, frames, and bulkheads that provide structural support also serve as the tank wall, eliminating the need for separate support structures and reducing overall weight while maintaining safety.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The fuselage structural elements perform multiple functions simultaneously: structural support, pressure containment, and hydrogen storage boundary definition. This reduces the total weight by eliminating redundant components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Strength

If tank stringers and tank frames are disposed within the tank volume, then tank wall strength is improved, but tank volume is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetank wall strengthVSAvoidtank volume
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSVolume of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The frames and stringers serve dual purposes: they provide structural strengthening for the tank wall to withstand hydrogen pressure, and simultaneously define the boundaries of the tank volume. By making the structural elements themselves form the containment boundary, the volume loss is minimized while achieving necessary strength.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The structural reinforcement is applied locally at critical areas where strength is needed, rather than uniformly throughout. The frames and stringers are positioned to provide strength where required while minimizing impact on overall tank volume.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design reduces weight, manufacturing time, and costs while ensuring safe and efficient storage of liquid hydrogen, achieving a lightweight and integrated solution.

Implementation Method 1

the liquid hydrogen tank has a thermal insulation that is disposed on the tank wall

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal insulation: Thermal Insulation

Implementation Method 2

the tank wall is formed by the tank skin panels, tank stringers, tank frames, and the pressure bulkhead... the tank wall is strengthened such that it can withstand a tank pressure in the tank volume above 1 bar, preferably up to 5 bar, more preferably up to 3 bar

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure containment: Pressure Increase

Data Source

PatentEP4112478B1Fuselage section of an aircraft, aircraft fuselage, and aircraft
Publication Date: 2026.01.07 AIRBUS OPERATIONS GMBH
  • EP4112478B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

In order to improve liquid hydrogen storage on aircraft (10), the invention proposes a liquid hydrogen tank (36) that is integrated into the fuselage (12) of the aircraft (10). At least one portion of the tank wall (38) is formed by specially adapted tank skin panels (42) and/or a pressure bulkhead (48). The parts forming the tank wall (38) are strengthened so as to contain a tank pressure (PLH2) of about 3 bar.