Fusing and Detailing Agents for 3D Printing Thermal Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current 3D printing technologies face limitations in material range and commercial production capabilities due to high costs and restricted material options, leading to challenges in achieving uniform coloration and preventing powder splash during the printing process.

Innovation Solution

A system utilizing a fusing agent with an energy absorber and a detailing agent containing a splash reducing compound, such as an infrared-absorbing dye or polymeric binder, is applied to a thermoplastic polymer powder bed, where the fusing agent absorbs electromagnetic energy to fuse the powder while the detailing agent cools and reduces splash, enhancing print quality and color uniformity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If electromagnetic energy is applied to fuse thermoplastic polymer powder, then the polymer powder fuses to form solid structures, but thermal bleed occurs causing loss of detail and color uniformity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefusing of polymer powderVSAvoiddetail preservation and color uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies different properties to different regions: the fusing agent region absorbs electromagnetic energy to fuse powder, while the detailing agent region contains infrared-reflective particles that reflect energy to prevent overheating and preserve detail. This local differentiation of energy interaction properties solves the thermal bleed problem while maintaining fusing effectiveness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The detailing agent acts as an intermediary substance applied between the fusing agent and the final product. It contains infrared-reflective particles that mediate the energy interaction by reflecting electromagnetic radiation away from the polymer powder in non-fusing regions, thereby preventing thermal bleed and preserving color uniformity and detail.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If conventional 3D printing materials are used, then printing can be performed, but material range is limited and costs are high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprinting capabilityVSAvoidmaterial range
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses composite material formulations for both the fusing agent and detailing agent. These composites incorporate multiple functional components including binders, infrared absorbers or reflectors, and other additives that work together to achieve multiple functions: enabling selective fusing, preventing thermal bleed, reducing powder splash, and maintaining color uniformity. This composite approach expands material versatility while maintaining printing productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Object-generated harmful factors

If infrared-absorbing dyes are used in detailing agent, then powder splash is reduced, but infrared absorption may interfere with fusing process

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepowder splashVSAvoidelectromagnetic energy absorption
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies different infrared interaction properties to different regions: the fusing agent contains infrared-absorbing materials to convert electromagnetic energy to heat for fusing, while the detailing agent contains infrared-reflective particles to reflect energy and prevent overheating. This local differentiation resolves the conflict between reducing powder splash through infrared absorption and maintaining effective fusing through controlled energy absorption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for precise control between fused and unfused areas, reduces powder splash, and improves the appearance and durability of 3D printed parts by maintaining color uniformity and preventing thermal bleed, thereby increasing print density and productivity.

Implementation Method 1

the fusing agent absorbs electromagnetic energy to fuse the powder

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic energy absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 2

a splash reducing compound comprising an infrared-absorbing dye

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInfrared absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentEP3468778B1Material sets
Publication Date: 2023.06.07 HEWLETT PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LP
  • EP3468778B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~1d
  • EP3468778B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2b
  • EP3468778B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present disclosure is drawn to material sets and 3-dimensional printing systems that include a fusing agent. One example of a material set can include a detailing agent including water; a splash reducing compound comprising an infrared-absorbing dye, a polymeric binder, or combination thereof; and a water-soluble co-solvent. The material set can further include a fusing agent including water and an energy absorber.