Gain-Adjustable Power Supply Circuit for Load Switching Voltage Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Power supply circuits face challenges in maintaining stable voltage levels when loads switch between heavy and light loads, leading to voltage spikes or sags that can damage the load and cause operational failures.

Innovation Solution

A power supply circuit with a power conversion module, compensation module, sampling module, and gain-adjustable drive module that dynamically adjusts voltage and current to suppress voltage spikes and sags, using gain-adjustable drive voltages and compensation currents to regulate output voltage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If the load switches from heavy load to light load, then the power supply current decreases, but a voltage spike is generated that can damage the load

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower supply currentVSAvoidvoltage spike
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The compensation module detects the load switching state in advance and generates a compensation current opposite to the expected voltage spike direction. When the load switches from heavy to light, the compensation module pre-establishes a current path that counteracts the voltage spike before it fully develops, thereby protecting the load.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

Solution Approach 2:

The sampling module continuously monitors the output voltage and feeds this information back to the compensation module. Based on the feedback signal indicating a voltage spike condition, the compensation module dynamically adjusts the compensation current magnitude and direction to suppress the spike in real-time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Productivity

If the load switches from light load to heavy load, then the power supply current increases, but a significant voltage sag is generated that causes insufficient power supply

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower supply currentVSAvoidpower supply stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The compensation module detects the transition to heavy load state in advance and proactively increases the compensation current to support the output voltage before the voltage sag fully occurs. This preliminary action ensures the load receives sufficient power from the outset of the heavy load condition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The sampling module continuously monitors the output voltage and feeds this information back to the compensation module. When voltage sag is detected during heavy load transition, the compensation module dynamically increases the compensation current magnitude to counteract the sag and maintain stable power supply.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Reliability

If a compensation module is added to suppress voltage spikes and sags, then the power supply stability improves, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower supply stabilityVSAvoidcircuit structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The compensation module is integrated with the existing power conversion module and control module, sharing common components such as the sampling circuit and control logic. This merging approach allows the compensation function to be added without proportionally increasing overall circuit complexity, as several components serve dual purposes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The compensation module is designed to handle both voltage spike suppression and voltage sag compensation using a single unified circuit structure. The same compensation current source and control logic serve both protective functions, eliminating the need for separate circuits for each condition and thereby limiting the increase in device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The circuit effectively prevents damage from voltage spikes and ensures normal operation by suppressing voltage sags and spikes, while maintaining high efficiency by minimizing losses in steady states.

Implementation Method 1

The sampling module is configured to: collect a voltage of the load, convert the voltage of the load into a first sampling voltage, and output the first sampling voltage to the gain-adjustable drive module

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVoltage sampling and signal conversion: Electrical Resistance

Implementation Method 2

the power conversion module may be configured to: convert a first direct current voltage into a second direct current voltage and output the second direct current voltage to the load, where a voltage value of the second direct current voltage is less than a voltage value of the first direct current voltage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDC-DC voltage conversion: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP4693854A1Power supply circuit and electronic device
Publication Date: 2026.02.11 HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
  • EP4693854A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4693854A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4693854A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

This application provides a power supply circuit and an electronic device, to not only suppress a voltage spike generated in a process in which a load switches from a heavy load to a light load, and avoid damage to the load, but also suppress a significant voltage sag generated in a process in which the load switches from the light load to the heavy load, and ensure normal operation of the load. The power supply circuit may include a power conversion module, a compensation module, a sampling module, and a gain-adjustable drive module. The power conversion module is configured to: convert a first direct current voltage into a second direct current voltage and output the second direct current voltage to the load. The sampling module is configured to: collect a voltage of the load, convert the voltage of the load into a first sampling voltage, and output the first sampling voltage to the gain-adjustable drive module. The gain-adjustable drive module is configured to output a gain-adjustable drive voltage to the compensation module based on the first sampling voltage. The compensation module may be configured to output a compensation current to the load or bleed an output current of the power conversion module based on the first direct current voltage and the gain-adjustable drive voltage. The compensation current may be used to regulate the second direct current voltage.