Galvanically Isolated Gas Sensor System for Aerospace

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Solution Overview

Problem

Aircraft gas sensors used for detecting flammable gases in aerospace applications require galvanic isolation to prevent ignition sources, which is challenging with traditional copper wiring-based systems.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of a galvanically isolated sensor system using optical communication between a power and communications module and a sensor module, where the sensor module is powered optically and communicates with gas sensors within an enclosed aircraft space.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If copper wiring is used to power and communicate with gas sensors, then electrical power and data transmission are achieved, but the risk of ignition from electrical current increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaviation safetyVSAvoidignition risk
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the electrical wiring system with an optical fiber communication and power transmission system. Optical fibers transmit data and power as light signals instead of electrical current, eliminating the ignition hazard while maintaining reliable communication and power delivery to gas sensors in flammable environments

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces optical fibers as an intermediary medium between the power/communication module and gas sensors. This intermediary transmits energy and information as light rather than electricity, creating galvanic isolation and preventing electrical sparks that could ignite flammable gases

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Object-affected harmful factors

If optical fibers are used for power and communication, then ignition risk is eliminated, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveignition riskVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes optical fibers perform multiple functions simultaneously: data communication, power transmission, and galvanic isolation. This multi-functionality consolidates what would otherwise require separate systems, actually reducing overall system complexity despite the advanced technology used

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution effectively detects flammable and non-flammable gases while minimizing the risk of combustion from electrical current, ensuring aviation safety by using optical fibers that do not transmit electrical signals.

Implementation Method 1

transmitting the optical signal to a sensor module disposed within the enclosed space

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical communication: Optical Fibre

Implementation Method 2

converting the received optical signal to an electrical signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical to electrical conversion: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP4534998A1Galvanically isolated gas sensing system for aerospace applications
Publication Date: 2025.04.09 KIDDE TECHNOLOGIES INC
  • EP4534998A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4534998A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4534998A1 patent drawing

AI summary

An aircraft sensing system includes a power and communications module, a sensor module in optical communication with the power and communications module, the sensor module being disposed in an at least partially enclosed space within the aircraft, and at least one gas sensor in communication with the sensor module, the at least one gas sensor being disposed in the at least partially enclosed space. The at least one gas sensor is configured to sense at least one flammable gas species or non-flammable gas species, and the sensor module and the at least one gas sensor are galvanically isolated from the power and communications module.