GaN FET Laser Diode Drive Circuit for Stable Low-Vgs Switching

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing drive circuits using GaN FETs struggle to control the voltage Vgs to be 6V or less while driving laser diodes in a common cathode array, as GaN FETs have a low breakdown voltage, making it difficult to independently and rapidly switch LDs.

Innovation Solution

A drive circuit design that includes a GaN FET with its source connected to the anode of the laser diode, utilizing a capacitor and diode to maintain a voltage less than the breakdown voltage, and a semiconductor switch to control the GaN FET's on-off state, ensuring stable operation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If a GaN FET is used to drive laser diodes in pulses with high speed, then the switching speed is improved, but the control of gate-source voltage becomes difficult due to low breakdown voltage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching speedVSAvoidvoltage control difficulty
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

A capacitor is introduced as an intermediary element connected between the gate and source of the GaN FET. This capacitor stores electrical charge and maintains a stable gate-source voltage, acting as a buffer that decouples the voltage control from the dynamic switching operations, thereby enabling high-speed switching while maintaining voltage stability below the breakdown threshold

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The circuit dynamically adjusts the gate-source voltage parameter to remain consistently below the breakdown voltage threshold. By controlling the charging and discharging of the capacitor, the voltage parameter is modulated to enable fast switching transitions without exceeding the critical breakdown voltage, thus resolving the conflict between switching speed and voltage control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If the source of GaN FET is connected to the anode of each LD for independent control, then independent pulse driving is enabled, but the anode potential changes significantly when current flows through the LD

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveindependent control capabilityVSAvoidcircuit configuration complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The capacitor serves as a local energy reservoir and voltage stabilizer at the source terminal. It compensates for the anode potential changes by providing or absorbing charge as needed, thereby maintaining stable gate-source voltage despite current variations through the laser diode, enabling independent control without complex compensation circuits

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The capacitor maintains the source terminal at a relatively stable potential by storing and releasing charge. This creates an equipotential reference point that allows the gate voltage to be controlled independently of the laser diode's current-induced potential changes, simplifying the overall circuit configuration while enabling independent channel control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #12Equipotentiality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The drive circuit effectively drives laser diodes in a common cathode array using GaN FETs, maintaining Vgs below the breakdown voltage, enabling high-speed and independent pulse driving.

Implementation Method 1

a capacitor between the positive voltage port and the negative voltage port of the gate drive

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

a diode located on a power source line connecting the positive voltage port of the gate drive and a VDD power source to output a voltage less than a breakdown voltage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiode rectification: Diode

Data Source

PatentEP3993185B1Drive circuit
Publication Date: 2025.10.29 OMRON CORP
  • EP3993185B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3993185B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3993185B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A drive circuit includes a GaN FET having a source connected to an anode of an LD and a drain connected to a power source of the LD, a gate drive having an output port connected to a gate of the GaN FET and a negative voltage port connected to the source of the GaN FET to receive an input voltage at a positive voltage port and output the input voltage from the output port in response to a signal with a predetermined level, a capacitor between the positive and negative voltage ports of the gate drive, a diode on a power source line connecting the positive voltage port of the gate drive and a VDD power source for outputting a voltage less than the breakdown voltage at a voltage Vgs of the GaN FET, and a semiconductor switch between the source of the GaN FET and the ground.