Gas Flow Guide Element for Additive Manufacturing Contamination Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing additive manufacturing techniques face limitations in producing high-quality three-dimensional workpieces with complex geometries due to inadequate control over gas flow patterns, leading to unwanted chemical reactions and contamination within the build area.

Innovation Solution

A device and method that utilize a cyclic additive layering process with a build area configured to receive raw material powder layers, featuring a gas flow guide element to divert and refresh the gas flow across the build area, ensuring a consistent supply of fresh gas and removal of particulate impurities, thereby preventing contamination and enhancing production quality.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If gas is supplied to the process chamber to establish a protective gas atmosphere, then chemical reactions are prevented, but gas flow control becomes complex and particulate impurities accumulate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection against chemical reactionsVSAvoidgas flow control system
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The gas flow control is segmented into multiple gas supply units distributed across the build area, each independently controllable. This divides the complex gas flow management into simpler, localized segments that can be optimized individually while maintaining overall protective atmosphere

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A gas flow guide element is introduced as an intermediary component between the gas supply and the build area. This element actively directs and refreshes the gas flow, preventing particulate impurity accumulation while maintaining the protective atmosphere without requiring complex system redesign

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Manufacturing precision

If gas flow is increased to remove particulate impurities, then contamination is reduced, but gas consumption increases and flow uniformity becomes difficult to maintain

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereduction of particulate impuritiesVSAvoidgas consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The gas supply operates in periodic cycles alternating between high flow rate (for impurity removal) and low flow rate (for gas conservation). This periodic action maintains manufacturing precision by periodically refreshing the gas atmosphere while reducing overall gas consumption compared to continuous high flow

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

Different regions of the build area receive differentiated gas flow rates based on local contamination risks. Areas with higher particulate accumulation receive intensified gas flow, while cleaner areas receive reduced flow, optimizing the balance between impurity removal and gas consumption

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Reliability

If protective gas is continuously supplied, then contamination is prevented, but cost increases and environmental impact worsens

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection against contaminationVSAvoidgas consumption cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The protective gas supply switches between active protection mode and reduced flow mode based on process requirements. During laser irradiation, high flow maintains protection; during idle periods, flow is reduced, lowering costs and environmental impact while maintaining reliability when needed

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The gas flow parameters (rate, pressure, composition) are dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring of contamination levels and process stage. This allows maintaining reliable protection only when necessary, reducing gas consumption and associated costs during periods when full protection is not required

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables the production of high-quality three-dimensional workpieces by maintaining a controlled atmosphere and preventing contamination, allowing for the creation of complex geometries with improved precision and reduced chemical reactions.

Implementation Method 1

at least one gas flow is provided that is directed along an axis extending from a first edge region of the build area towards a second edge region of the build area

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGas flow: Convection

Implementation Method 2

The laser radiation penetrating into the powder layer causes heating and consequently melting or sintering of the raw material powder particles

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser radiation: Laser

Implementation Method 3

consequently melting or sintering of the raw material powder particles

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMelting: Melting

Implementation Method 4

consequently melting or sintering of the raw material powder particles

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSintering: Sintering

Data Source

PatentEP3378584B1Device and method for producing a three-dimensional workpiece
Publication Date: 2021.10.27 NIKON SLM SOLUTIONS AG
  • EP3378584B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3378584B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3378584B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

The invention relates to a device (10) for producing a three-dimensional workpiece by carrying out an additive layering process, wherein the device (10) comprises: - a build area (17) that is configured to receive a raw material powder layer; - a powder application device (14) that is configured to deploy the raw material powder layer onto the build area (17); - an irradiation system (20) that is configured to selectively irradiate the raw material powder layer on the build area (17); wherein the device (10) is configured to provide at least one gas flow (48) that is directed along an axis (A) extending from a first edge region (44) of the build area (17) towards a second edge region (46) of the build area (17); and wherein the device (10) comprises at least one gas flow guide element (36) that is configured to divert at least a part of the gas flow (48) away from the build area (17) before said gas flow (48) reaches the second edge region (46); wherein the gas flow guide element (36) comprises a gas supply portion (56) that is configured to supply a fresh gas flow (54) along the build area (17). The invention also concerns a method for producing a three-dimensional workpiece.