Gas Flow Reversing Element for Transtracheal Jet Ventilation
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for ventilating patients with obstructed airways, such as transtracheal jet ventilation, are inadequate as they fail to provide sufficient ventilation and can lead to carbon dioxide retention and respiratory acidosis due to limited gas flow rates through small-diameter catheters or cannulas, posing risks of barotrauma and circulatory disturbances.
Innovation Solution
A gas flow reversing element that connects to a pressurized gas supply, featuring a main piece with a closable outlet opening and a branching piece, allows for controlled oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal by adjusting the outlet opening to manage gas flow rates effectively, ensuring adequate ventilation through a catheter or cannula with a small cross-section.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If jet ventilation is used through a small-diameter catheter or cannula, then oxygen can be delivered to the patient, but the gas flow rate is insufficient and carbon dioxide retention occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The device enables dynamic switching between inspiration and expiration phases by opening and closing the outlet opening. During inspiration, the outlet is closed to direct all gas flow through the catheter into the patient. During expiration, the outlet is opened to allow passive outflow of respiratory air. This dynamic control optimizes gas flow rates to achieve adequate ventilation despite the small catheter diameter.
Solution Approach 2:
The gas flow reversing element operates in periodic cycles, alternating between delivering pressurized oxygen to the patient and allowing passive expiration of carbon dioxide-rich air. This periodic inspiration-expiration pattern enables sufficient gas exchange through the small-diameter catheter, preventing carbon dioxide retention while maintaining adequate oxygen delivery.
2Use of energy by moving object
If pressurized gas is injected through a small-diameter catheter, then oxygen delivery is achieved, but barotrauma and circulatory disturbances occur
Solution Approach 1:
By implementing periodic inspiration and expiration phases, the device reduces the continuous high pressure exposure that causes barotrauma. The pressurized gas is delivered only during the inspiration phase, while the expiration phase allows pressure relief and passive outflow. This periodic action maintains oxygen delivery efficiency while minimizing harmful pressure effects on the patient's airways and circulation.
Solution Approach 2:
The dynamic opening and closing of the outlet opening allows the system to adapt pressure levels to patient needs. During inspiration, pressure is maintained to ensure adequate oxygen delivery. During expiration, the outlet opens to reduce pressure and allow passive expiration. This dynamic pressure control prevents barotrauma and circulatory disturbances while maintaining effective oxygen delivery.
3Reliability
If a catheter with small cross-section is used for ventilation, then patient safety is improved, but adequate ventilation cannot be achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The gas flow reversing element dynamically controls the outlet opening to optimize gas flow through the small-diameter catheter. By closing the outlet during inspiration, all pressurized gas flows through the catheter, maximizing oxygen delivery. By opening the outlet during expiration, passive outflow is facilitated. This dynamic control enables adequate ventilation efficiency while maintaining the safety advantages of a small-bore catheter.
Solution Approach 2:
The device changes the flow parameters by selectively opening and closing the outlet opening. This parameter change directs the entire pressurized gas flow through the small catheter during inspiration, and facilitates passive expiration during the expiration phase. These parameter changes enable adequate ventilation through the small-diameter catheter while maintaining patient safety.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device enables efficient oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal, achieving a respiratory minute volume sufficient for adult ventilation, minimizing risks of barotrauma and circulatory disturbances by managing pressure and flow rates, thus providing effective ventilation even in obstructed airways.
Implementation Method 1
a nozzle, particularly an injector nozzle, being configured and arranged in the main piece in such a way that a gas flow flowing in the main piece from the pressure connector through the nozzle to the at least one outlet opening
Implementation Method 2
a gas flow flowing in the main piece from the pressure connector through the nozzle to the at least one outlet opening, with the at least one outlet opening being disposed in the second open position, a gas flow can also be generated in the branching piece in a direction toward the at least one outlet opening
Data Source
AI summary
A gas flow reversing element is provided comprising a main piece defining at least one closable outlet opening, a branching piece extending from the main piece, a line connector connected to the distal end of the branching piece, a pressure connector connected to the main piece, the pressure connector being structured to be fluidly connected to a pressurized gas supply; and a nozzle being configured and arranged in the main piece in such a way that a gas flow flowing in the main piece from the pressure connector through the nozzle to the at least one outlet opening, with the at least one outlet opening being disposed in the second open position, a gas flow can also be generated in the branching piece in a direction toward the at least one outlet opening.