Gas Component Detection via Spectral Correlation Noise Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing component detection methods for gases face challenges with low signal-to-noise ratio in time series data and low accuracy in identifying components in exhalation, particularly due to inadequate normalization and sensor array configurations.
Innovation Solution
A method and apparatus that utilize two-dimensional spectroscopic image data to specify signal and background points, calculate correlation coefficients, and generate corrected time series detection signals by subtracting background signals, enhancing sensitivity through noise reduction and appropriate background specification.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If normalization is performed using light intensity from detectors at absorbed wavelengths divided by light intensity from a detector at non-absorbed wavelength, then the apparatus can detect specific components in gas, but the signal-to-noise ratio becomes insufficient relative to the normalized signal
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts only the necessary normalization information from a single wavelength region (non-absorbed wavelength) rather than using multiple detectors across different wavelengths. This extraction approach removes the noise components associated with using multiple detectors and complex normalization, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio while maintaining detection accuracy
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces an intermediary reference signal from a wavelength region where the target component does not absorb light. This intermediary serves as a stable baseline for normalization without introducing the noise and complexity of multiple detectors, effectively mediating between the need for accurate component detection and maintaining high signal-to-noise ratio
2Loss of time
If time series data is used to monitor component changes over time, then dynamic analysis is enabled, but proper normalization fails because the light intensity at non-absorbed wavelength also changes over time
Solution Approach 1:
The invention implements a feedback mechanism where the reference signal from the non-absorbed wavelength continuously monitors the system conditions over time. This reference signal provides real-time feedback about environmental changes, allowing dynamic normalization that adapts to time-varying conditions while maintaining measurement accuracy throughout the time series
Solution Approach 2:
The invention performs preliminary measurement of the reference signal at the non-absorbed wavelength before and during the component detection process. This preliminary action establishes a baseline that accounts for time-varying environmental conditions, enabling accurate normalization throughout the time series measurement without compromising either temporal resolution or precision
3Adaptability or versatility
If a sensor array with multiple sensors having different surface treatments is used to detect expiration components, then various gas components can be detected, but the identification accuracy of individual molecular species remains low
Solution Approach 1:
The invention transitions from using multiple sensors with different surface treatments (spatial dimension) to using spectral information from different wavelength regions (spectral dimension). By analyzing absorption characteristics across multiple wavelengths with a single detector, the system achieves both broad component detection capability and high molecular species identification accuracy through spectral fingerprinting
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach improves the detection sensitivity of specific components in gases and enhances the accuracy of state determination based on gas components, enabling more precise identification and analysis.
Implementation Method 1
time series two-dimensional spectroscopic image data of the gas... obtained with elapse of time by two-dimensionally dispersing the transmitted light, which is radiated from a light source for radiation of mid-infrared light and is transmitted through the gas
Data Source
AI summary
A configuration of the present disclosure specifies a signal point of a specific component and a background point, based on time series two-dimensional spectroscopic image data of a gas; calculates a correlation coefficient between a time series detection signal at the signal point and a time series detection signal at the background point; and generates a time series detection signal of the specific component, based on a corrected time series detection signal obtained by subtracting a product of the correlation coefficient and the time series detection signal at the background point from the time series detection signal at the signal point.