Power Semiconductor Gate Driving Circuit for Stable OFF Switching

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional power semiconductor element gate driving circuits face challenges in maintaining a consistent switching time in the OFF state despite temperature and current changes, leading to increased dead time and errors in high-frequency power supplies.

Innovation Solution

The proposed power semiconductor element gate driving circuit incorporates a temperature sensor diode and a shunt resistor to detect temperature and current changes, adjusting the gate current accordingly to minimize changes in the switching time in the OFF state and shorten the dead time.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If gate current is controlled with constant voltage drive, then circuit simplicity is maintained, but switching time in OFF state is elongated at high temperature

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit complexityVSAvoidswitching time in OFF state
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The gate driving circuit dynamically adjusts the gate voltage based on detected switching state and temperature conditions. The control circuit switches between constant voltage drive (for ON state) and linear region drive (for OFF state), optimizing switching performance across different operating conditions while maintaining reasonable circuit complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The circuit changes the operating parameter (gate voltage level) based on temperature and switching state. At high temperatures during OFF switching, the gate voltage is adjusted to operate in the linear region rather than constant voltage mode, compensating for temperature-induced delays without requiring complex circuit reconfiguration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If dead time is extended to accommodate elongated switching time, then simultaneous conduction is prevented, but waveform distortion and voltage fluctuation increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprevention of simultaneous conductionVSAvoidwaveform distortion and voltage fluctuation
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The control circuit incorporates feedback from temperature detection and switching state monitoring to dynamically adjust gate voltage. This feedback mechanism enables the circuit to reduce dead time by compensating for temperature-induced switching delays through active voltage adjustment, thereby preventing simultaneous conduction while minimizing waveform distortion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The circuit performs preliminary detection of temperature and switching state conditions, then proactively adjusts gate voltage before the switching event occurs. This preliminary action allows the circuit to prepare optimal voltage levels that ensure reliable switching without requiring excessive dead time, thus preventing both simultaneous conduction and waveform distortion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Stability of the object's composition

If gate resistance is switched in stages to adjust gate current, then temperature characteristics are compensated, but control circuit complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature characteristic stabilityVSAvoidcontrol circuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of switching gate resistance in stages, the invention changes the gate voltage parameter dynamically based on temperature and switching state. This approach achieves temperature characteristic compensation through voltage adjustment in the linear region during OFF state, maintaining stability while avoiding the complexity of multi-stage resistance switching circuits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The control circuit dynamically adjusts gate voltage based on real-time temperature and switching state detection, replacing static multi-stage resistance switching with a dynamic voltage control mechanism. This dynamic approach achieves temperature compensation with simpler circuitry by utilizing the transistor's linear region characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration effectively stabilizes the switching time in the OFF state, reducing the necessary dead time and minimizing errors in power supply output, especially at high frequencies.

Implementation Method 1

a temperature sensor diode 6 for detecting a temperature of the power semiconductor element 1

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature dependence of diode voltage: Diode

Implementation Method 2

a shunt resistor 7 connected to an emitter terminal of the power semiconductor element 1

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical resistance: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP4184771B1Gate driving circuit for power semiconductor element
Publication Date: 2025.06.18 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP
  • EP4184771B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4184771B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4184771B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

Provided is a power semiconductor element gate driving circuit that performs ON/OFF control on main current of a power semiconductor element (1) having a gate electrode by charging the gate electrode of the power semiconductor element with electric charges or discharging the electric charges on the basis of an inputted gate signal. When the gate signal is switched to an OFF signal, control is performed such that gate current for discharging the electric charges from the gate electrode increases in association with increase in a temperature of the power semiconductor element and decreases in association with increase in the main current.