III-Nitride Transistors with Gate Trench for Normally-Off Operation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing III-nitride field effect transistors (FETs) operating in normally-off mode face challenges with higher on-resistance and lower output-current, requiring a solution that balances high threshold voltage, low on-resistance, and uniformity in threshold and on-resistance values.

Innovation Solution

A method of fabricating III-nitride transistors involving a 1-5 nanometer thick AlGaN barrier layer, a dielectric layer, and a gate trench etched through the barrier and dielectric layers with a gate insulator stack, including single-crystalline AlN and polycrystalline AlN layers, to achieve a normally-off operation with minimal on-resistance and high threshold voltage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a normally-off mode operation is implemented in III-nitride FETs, then the threshold voltage is improved (higher), but the on-resistance increases (worsens)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethreshold voltageVSAvoidon-resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the barrier layer thickness (1-5 nm) and gate trench depth (0-5 nm into the channel layer) to optimize the balance between threshold voltage and on-resistance. By adjusting these dimensional parameters, the invention achieves normally-off operation with reduced on-resistance penalty compared to conventional approaches.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention implements local quality by creating a localized gate trench structure that extends into the channel layer only in specific regions, rather than uniformly throughout. This localized modification allows the gate to exert precise control over the channel conductivity, achieving high threshold voltage while maintaining low on-resistance in the remaining channel regions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Manufacturing precision

If the gate trench extends deeper into the channel layer, then the threshold voltage control is improved, but the on-resistance increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethreshold voltage controlVSAvoidon-resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent establishes an optimal parameter range for gate trench depth (0-5 nm into the channel layer) that balances threshold voltage control with on-resistance management. This precise parameter specification resolves the contradiction by identifying the sweet spot where sufficient gate control is achieved without excessive resistance penalty.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention applies partial action by having the gate trench extend only slightly into the channel layer (0-5 nm) rather than deeply throughout. This partial penetration provides just enough gate control for high threshold voltage while avoiding the excessive on-resistance that would result from deeper trench extension.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Object-affected harmful factors

If a thin barrier layer (1-5 nm) is used, then the on-resistance is reduced, but the manufacturing precision required increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveon-resistanceVSAvoidbarrier layer thickness control
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent specifies a narrow but achievable thickness range (1-5 nm) for the barrier layer that minimizes on-resistance while remaining compatible with standard manufacturing capabilities. This parameter optimization resolves the contradiction by selecting a thickness that is thin enough to reduce resistance but thick enough to be manufacturable with acceptable precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3055885B1Normally-off iii-nitride transistors with high threshold-voltage and low on-resistance
Publication Date: 2021.06.30 HRL LAB
  • EP3055885B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3055885B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3055885B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3C

AI summary

A III-nitride transistor includes a III-nitride channel layer, a barrier layer over the channel layer, the barrier layer having a thickness of 1 to 10 nanometers, a dielectric layer on top of the barrier layer, a source electrode contacting the channel layer, a drain electrode contacting the channel layer, a gate trench extending through the dielectric layer and barrier layer and having a bottom located within the channel layer, a gate insulator lining the gate trench and extending over the dielectric layer, and a gate electrode in the gate trench and extending partially toward the source and the drain electrodes to form an integrated gate field-plate, wherein a distance between an interface of the channel layer and the barrier layer and the bottom of the gate trench is greater than 0 nm and less than or equal to 5 nm.