In-Vehicle Gateway Message Priority Allocation
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Solution Overview
Problem
As the number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in vehicles increases, so does the complexity of communication lines, leading to potential communication congestion and delays, especially for higher-priority messages.
Innovation Solution
An in-vehicle communication apparatus that classifies messages by priority and allocates a larger number of communication units to higher-priority messages, ensuring they are transmitted through multiple communication lines while lower-priority messages are transmitted through fewer lines, thereby increasing communication capacity and reducing delays.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If the number of ECUs in a vehicle is increased to enhance functionality, then the vehicle's functional capabilities are improved, but the number of communication lines increases leading to increased vehicle weight and reduced installation space
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple ECUs are connected to a single gateway device, which consolidates communication lines. Instead of each ECU having dedicated point-to-point connections, the gateway acts as a central hub that merges multiple communication paths into fewer physical lines, reducing overall wiring complexity and vehicle weight while maintaining full ECU functionality.
2Adaptability or versatility
If relay ECUs are used to connect function ECUs across different regions, then communication between distributed ECUs is enabled, but communication band congestion and delays occur when communication amount increases
Solution Approach 1:
The gateway device segments communication traffic by priority levels, dividing the communication band into multiple channels. High-priority messages are allocated dedicated communication resources separate from low-priority traffic, preventing congestion from lower-priority messages from affecting time-critical communications.
Solution Approach 2:
Different communication units within the gateway are allocated different priorities and resource allocations based on local quality requirements. High-priority communication units receive preferential treatment with guaranteed bandwidth and lower latency, while low-priority units use remaining capacity, ensuring that critical functions maintain reliable communication even under heavy load.
3Ease of operation
If communication bandwidth is shared among all messages equally, then fair resource allocation is achieved, but higher-priority messages experience delays due to congestion from lower-priority messages
Solution Approach 1:
The gateway implements differentiated quality of service by allocating communication resources according to message priority. High-priority messages receive dedicated communication units and guaranteed bandwidth, while low-priority messages share remaining resources. This local quality differentiation ensures that critical messages maintain reliable transmission while still providing fair access to lower-priority traffic.
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are an in-vehicle communication apparatus, a communication program, and a message transmission method. The in-vehicle communication apparatus according is connected to another apparatus via a plurality of communication lines, and includes a plurality of communication units that are provided respectively for the communication lines, and transmit/receive a message via the communication lines, a classification processing unit that performs processing for classifying messages that are to be transmitted to the other apparatus, into a plurality of groups in accordance with priorities of the messages and a message transmission processing unit that distributes messages classified into each of the plurality of groups, to one or more communication units allocated to the group, and the number of communication units allocated to a group into which a higher-priority message is classified is larger than the number of communication units allocated to a group into which a lower-priority message is classified.