Gaze Calibration Using Explicit and Implicit Phases
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing gaze trackers require frequent calibration, which can be disruptive and inaccurate, especially when users move or ambient conditions change, making them cumbersome or distracting.
Innovation Solution
A combination of explicit and implicit calibration methods is used, where explicit calibration involves user manual input and gaze measurements, and implicit calibration occurs in the background during normal activities, with calibration data stored in buffers to control switching between phases.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If explicit calibration is used, then calibration accuracy is improved, but user disruption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The calibration process is divided into two distinct phases: explicit calibration phase for high accuracy and implicit calibration phase for background operation. This segmentation allows the system to maintain high calibration accuracy when needed while performing calibration operations in the background during normal user activities, thus reducing user disruption.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs implicit calibration in the background during normal user activities before explicit calibration is needed. This preliminary action continuously updates calibration data without disrupting the user, and when explicit calibration is required, the system can quickly transition to the explicit calibration phase using pre-collected data.
2Measurement precision
If frequent calibration is performed, then calibration accuracy is maintained, but productivity decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The implicit calibration phase operates continuously in the background during normal user activities, maintaining calibration accuracy without interrupting productivity. The system continuously collects calibration data during mouse movements, window focus changes, and other user interactions, ensuring calibration remains up-to-date without requiring dedicated calibration time.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs self-calibration through implicit calibration during normal operations, automatically updating calibration parameters based on user behavior patterns. This eliminates the need for manual calibration interventions and maintains calibration accuracy while users continue their productive activities uninterrupted.
3Ease of operation
If implicit calibration is used, then user disruption is reduced, but calibration accuracy may deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The system merges both explicit and implicit calibration phases into a unified calibration system. Implicit calibration handles background calibration during normal activities, while explicit calibration provides high-precision calibration when needed. The combination of both phases ensures both low user disruption and high calibration accuracy are achieved simultaneously.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses feedback from explicit calibration to validate and refine implicit calibration results. When explicit calibration is performed, the system compares the results with implicit calibration data and adjusts the calibration model accordingly. This feedback mechanism ensures that implicit calibration maintains sufficient accuracy while minimizing user disruption.
Data Source
AI summary
Calibration of gaze tracking equipment is described, for example, in a desktop computing scenario. In various examples, an explicit calibration phase is carried out, optionally followed by an implicit calibration phase. In examples, the explicit calibration phase comprises requesting and receiving user manual input events associated with specified locations and measuring gaze associated with the manual input events. In examples, the implicit calibration phase is carried out without disturbing other activity of a user in the desktop computing environment, such as operating a graphical user interface. In various examples calibration data is stored in a plurality of buffers and used to control switching between explicit and implicit calibration phases.