GBA Key Management for Web Applications

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Solution Overview

Problem

The current Generic Bootstrapping Architecture (GBA) does not adequately ensure separate security associations for multiple Web applications using the same server, leading to potential security vulnerabilities, especially with the increased usage of Web applications in mobile devices.

Innovation Solution

Enhancements to the GBA include generating a generic bootstrapping architecture key based on a network application function identifier's uniform resource locator, using a fully qualified domain name, and extending the NAF_ID construction to include the entire URL for granular key management, along with Ua security protocol identifiers for Web programming, to ensure distinct security associations for each service.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If the same GBA key is used for multiple Web applications hosted on the same server, then the key management is simplified, but the security is compromised because separate security associations cannot be ensured

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvekey management complexityVSAvoidsecurity association separation
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the GBA key management by introducing service-specific key identifiers (Ks_ext_NAF) that are derived from the combination of the base GBA key and the NAF identifier. This segmentation allows multiple Web applications hosted on the same server to have distinct security associations while maintaining a unified key derivation mechanism, thus resolving the contradiction between simplified key management and security separation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by making the security association properties specific to each NAF (Network Application Function). The Ks_ext_NAF key is locally customized for each service based on the NAF_ID, which includes the service identifier. This ensures that each Web application has its own security context while using the same underlying GBA infrastructure, balancing simplicity and security.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Device complexity

If the NAF_ID construction includes only the domain name, then the key management is simpler, but it cannot provide granular key management for different services on the same server

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveNAF_ID construction complexityVSAvoidgranular key management capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The NAF_ID is segmented into multiple components: the base domain name and additional service-specific identifiers. This segmentation allows the system to maintain simplicity at the domain level while adding granularity through service identifiers, enabling different Web applications on the same server to have distinct security associations without overcomplicating the overall structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent adds another dimension to the NAF_ID by incorporating service identifiers alongside the domain name. This transforms the NAF_ID from a single-dimensional domain-based identifier to a multi-dimensional identifier that includes both the server location (domain) and the specific service (NAF identifier), enabling granular key management while preserving the simplicity of domain-based addressing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Loss of time

If Web applications use the same GBA security association, then authentication is faster, but security vulnerabilities arise from lack of isolation between services

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication timeVSAvoidsecurity vulnerability
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary action by pre-derived service-specific keys (Ks_ext_NAF) from the base GBA key during the initial authentication phase. This allows Web applications to use pre-computed service-specific keys for subsequent transactions, maintaining fast authentication while ensuring security isolation. The service identifier is incorporated into the key derivation process in advance, creating distinct security contexts without adding authentication overhead.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The service-specific key identifier (Ks_ext_NAF) acts as an intermediary between the base GBA key and the actual service authentication. This intermediary layer provides security isolation by ensuring that each service has its own derived key, preventing cross-service vulnerabilities while maintaining the efficiency of the underlying GBA authentication mechanism. The intermediary key derivation process is transparent and does not add significant time overhead.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP2572527B1Generic bootstrapping architecture usage with web applications and web pages
Publication Date: 2017.05.10 NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
  • EP2572527B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2572527B1 patent drawingFigure 3~7
  • EP2572527B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A method includes receiving at a network application function a request related to a generic bootstrapping architecture key originated from a user equipment (1 ). The received request includes a network application function identifier that includes a uniform resource locator, where the network application function has a fully qualified domain name. The method further includes causing a generic bootstrapping architecture key to be generated for the user equipment based at least in part on the uniform resource locator that is part of the network application function identifier (5). Apparatus and computer programs for performing the method are also disclosed.