GDNAZ Monomer for Stable Energetic Binders
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional high-energy binders for Plastic-Bonded Explosives (PBX) face issues with thermal stability and sensitivity due to azido and nitrate groups, leading to self-decomposition and limited application of energetic binders containing nitro and nitramine groups.
Innovation Solution
The introduction of the 1-glycidyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine monomer, synthesized through reacting 3,3-dinitroazetidine with epichlorohydrin and subsequent treatment with a NaOH solution, improves thermal stability by replacing the nitrate group with a nitro group, preventing self-decomposition in polyurethane elastomers.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If azido groups are used in energetic binders to increase energy content, then the energy of PBX is improved, but thermal stability deteriorates and sensitivity to mechanical stimuli increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameter from azido groups to nitro groups in the binder molecule structure. This parameter change maintains high energy content while improving thermal stability and reducing mechanical sensitivity, as nitro groups are inherently more stable under thermal and mechanical stress compared to azido groups.
2Use of energy by moving object
If nitrate groups are used in energetic binders to increase energy content, then the energy of PBX is improved, but self-decomposition occurs in polyurethane elastomer
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the functional group parameter from nitrate to nitro in the molecular structure. The nitro group configuration prevents the acidification of adjacent carbon-hydrogen bonds that occurs with nitrate groups, thereby eliminating the self-decomposition pathway in polyurethane elastomers while maintaining high energy content.
3Use of energy by moving object
If conventional high-energy binder structures are used to achieve high energy content, then explosive performance is improved, but synthesis difficulty increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the synthesis into two manageable stages: first forming the nitroazetidine ring structure, then incorporating it into the polyurethane binder system. This segmentation simplifies the overall synthesis process compared to attempting to directly incorporate complex energetic groups, making the manufacturing more feasible while maintaining high energy content.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting high-energy binder exhibits enhanced thermal stability and resistance to external stimuli, maintaining performance and stability in explosive formulations.
Implementation Method 1
reacting 3,3-dinitroazetidine of Formula II with epichlorohydrin of Formula III to obtain 1-chloropropanol-3,3-dinitroazetidine of Formula IV
Implementation Method 2
reacting 1-chloropropanol-3,3-dinitroazetidine of Formula IV prepared in step (1) with aqueous solution of NaOH to obtain 1-glycidyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine of Formula I
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed is a 1-glycidyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine(GDNAZ) of Formula I wherein dinitroazetidine group which is a high energy group having unit structure of explosive moiety is incorporated to a monomer, and the method thereof. By using the GDNAZ of the present invention in the synthesis of energetic binder for high-performance insensitive explosive, an energetic binder with enhanced thermal and storing stability and explosive power can be provided.