Gear Sleeve Adhesion via Primer Layer and Preheating

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Solution Overview

Problem

The existing manufacturing methods for gear components in electric power steering systems face challenges in enhancing adhesive strength between the sleeve and resin member without voids, particularly when using high molecular weight thermoplastic resins, which are prone to displacement due to radial forces, leading to inadequate durability and increased energy consumption during post-curing processes.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the formation of a primer layer on the sleeve using a thermoplastic resin-based adhesive with a melting point lower than the resin member, applied via electrostatic spraying and heated to flow and adhere before injection molding, allowing for enhanced adhesion without post-curing and simplifying the mold structure.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a high molecular weight thermoplastic resin is used to ensure durability, then the gear durability life is improved, but the resin is prone to entrained voids during injection molding and may not conform properly to the sleeve recesses and protrusions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegear durability lifeVSAvoidconformance to sleeve recesses and protrusions
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The sleeve is preheated before injection molding to delay solidification of the high molecular weight thermoplastic resin, allowing sufficient time for the resin to properly conform to the recesses and protrusions on the sleeve surface, thereby preventing entrained voids while maintaining durability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The temperature parameter of the sleeve is changed by applying heat before injection molding, which alters the viscosity characteristics of the thermoplastic resin during molding, enabling proper flow and conformance without void formation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If the sleeve is preheated to suppress voids, then the resin conformance is improved, but the adhesive strength fails to be enhanced because coupling agents are decomposed and inactivated

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresin conformanceVSAvoidadhesive strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The coupling agent application step is removed from the process sequence, eliminating the problem of coupling agent decomposition during preheating while still achieving void-free molding through sleeve preheating alone

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The sleeve surface itself acts as an intermediary between the thermoplastic resin and the metal core, using surface recesses and protrusions combined with thermal preheating to achieve both proper conformance and adequate adhesion without requiring additional coupling agents

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Strength

If a thermosetting resin or high heat resistance thermoplastic resin is applied as adhesive before preheating, then adhesion strength should be enhanced, but the adhesive undergoes thermosetting reaction or loses adhesiveness during preheating

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadhesive strengthVSAvoidadhesive service life
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of using expensive heat-resistant adhesives with complex curing requirements, the invention uses the inherent mechanical interlocking through recesses and protrusions combined with simple thermal preheating, eliminating the need for adhesive curing steps and reducing process complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

4Weight of moving object

If the resin member is formed without fiber reinforcement to reduce weight, then the weight is reduced, but the durability life becomes insufficient and the resin member may be damaged by radial forces

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegear weightVSAvoiddurability life
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The invention creates a composite structure by integrally molding the thermoplastic resin over the metal sleeve, forming a unified resin member-sleeve assembly where the metal sleeve provides structural support and the resin provides functional teeth and surface properties, achieving both weight reduction and enhanced durability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

5Strength

If post-curing is performed to enhance adhesive strength, then the adhesion is improved, but the manufacturing energy increases and the demand for weight reduction is not satisfied

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadhesive strengthVSAvoidmanufacturing energy
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The adhesive bonding action is performed preliminarily during the injection molding process itself through the preheated sleeve and proper resin flow, eliminating the need for separate post-curing operations and reducing total manufacturing energy consumption

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The adhesive bonding function is merged with the injection molding process by using the molding conditions themselves to achieve proper adhesion, combining multiple functions into a single manufacturing step and eliminating additional energy-intensive curing operations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly improves the axial pull-out and radial tensile load ratios, effectively preventing resin member displacement and enhancing the durability life of the gear while reducing manufacturing energy and environmental impact.

Implementation Method 1

heated to flow and adhere before injection molding

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMelting: Melting

Implementation Method 2

heated to flow and adhere

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeating: Heating

Implementation Method 3

shrinkage of the injection-molded resin member, that is, clinging of the resin member

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal contraction: Thermal Contraction

Data Source

PatentEP3246145B1Manufacturing method for gears
Publication Date: 2019.08.21 JTEKT CORP
  • EP3246145B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP3246145B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3246145B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Over an outer peripheral surface of a sleeve (3), a primer layer (2) is formed that is a thermoplastic resin-based adhesive thermally melted at a temperature lower than a melting point of a thermoplastic resin formed into a resin member to exhibit adhesiveness. With the sleeve (3) preheated, a thermoplastic resin to be formed into the resin member (5) is annularly injection-molded over an outer periphery of the sleeve (3).