Gel-Electrolyte Membrane-Electrode Assembly for Supercapacitors

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for producing solid electrolytes for supercapacitors fail to achieve desired ionic conductivities, leading to performance issues in power storage, and the use of liquid electrolytes poses risks of leakage and limited impregnation in carbonaceous materials due to radical-trapping sites in these materials.

Innovation Solution

A thermally initiated radical polymerization process is used to form a gel electrolyte assembly within porous carbon electrodes, where functionalization molecules with azide or diazonium groups mask radical-scavenging sites, allowing for effective crosslinking and improved interaction with the electrolyte, thereby enhancing specific capacitance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If liquid electrolyte is used in supercapacitors, then ionic conductivity is maintained, but leakage risk increases and impregnation in carbonaceous materials is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveleakage preventionVSAvoidimpregnation effectiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the physical state of the electrolyte from liquid to gel through polymerization, maintaining ionic conductivity while eliminating leakage. The electrolyte composition is transformed by forming a polymer network that traps the ionic liquid, changing its flow properties while preserving its conductive capabilities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies preliminary functionalization to the carbonaceous material by introducing radical-scavenging groups before electrolyte impregnation. This pre-treatment prevents radical trapping during subsequent polymerization, ensuring complete gel formation and effective impregnation of the porous structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If radical polymerization is used to form gel electrolyte, then solid electrolyte is produced, but radical-scavenging sites in carbon material trap radicals and prevent crosslinking

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegel formation stabilityVSAvoidpolymerization efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary functionalization of the carbonaceous material by introducing radical-scavenging groups (such as silane groups) before the polymerization step. This pre-treatment masks the radical-trapping sites, preventing them from interfering with the subsequent radical polymerization process and ensuring efficient crosslinking.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces functional groups as intermediaries between the carbonaceous material and the monomer. These functional groups (e.g., silane groups) serve as a bridge that prevents direct radical trapping while allowing the polymerization to proceed, effectively mediating the interaction between the electrode and electrolyte components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Power

If carbon nanotubes are used as electrode material, then electrical conductivity increases, but radical-trapping sites prevent effective electrolyte interaction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical conductivityVSAvoidelectrolyte interaction stability
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary functionalization to carbon nanotubes by introducing radical-scavenging groups before electrolyte impregnation and polymerization. This pre-treatment eliminates the radical-trapping effect of the nanotube surface, enabling stable gel electrolyte formation and effective ion transport interfaces.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent modifies only the surface properties of the carbon nanotubes by introducing functional groups, while preserving the bulk electrical conductivity of the nanotube structure. This localized modification allows the nanotubes to maintain their high conductivity while gaining stable electrolyte interaction capabilities through the functionalized surface.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables the production of a solid electrolyte with ionic conductivity comparable to liquid electrolytes, while preventing radical trapping and ensuring stable gel formation within carbonaceous materials, thus improving the performance and stability of supercapacitors.

Implementation Method 1

a polymerization step in situ of said monomers by radical pathway

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFree radical polymerization: Photopolymerisation

Implementation Method 2

functionalization molecules with azide or diazonium groups mask radical-scavenging sites

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRadical masking through azide/diazonium functionalization: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 3

the electrolyte, which is a liquid ionic conductor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIonic conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP2984666B1Gel-electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly including porous carbon material and produced by free radical polymerization
Publication Date: 2019.04.03 THALES SA
  • EP2984666B1 patent drawingFigure 1(a)~4(b)
  • EP2984666B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5c
  • EP2984666B1 patent drawingFigure 6~7

AI summary

The invention concerns a method for preparing an electrode-gel electrolyte assembly made from porous carbon material comprising radical trapping sites comprising: - a step of forming a link between the radical trapping sites of the carbon material (1) and functionalising molecules (5), - a step of preparing a solution (S) comprising at least one monofunctional monomer and at least one polyfunctional monomer, one ion-conductive electrolyte and one radical initiator, - a step of impregnating the solution (S) of said monomers into the pores (2, 3, 4) of the carbon material (1), and - a step of in situ radical polymerisation of said monomers.