Gene Expression Signatures for Stroke Diagnosis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for diagnosing stroke are inadequate in differentiating between cardioembolic stroke and large artery atherosclerosis, and in detecting atrial fibrillation, leading to increased costs, recurrence risk, and poor patient outcomes due to delayed or inappropriate treatment.
Innovation Solution
A method utilizing gene expression signatures in peripheral blood samples to differentiate between stroke and control samples, and to specifically identify cardioembolic stroke, large artery atherosclerosis, and atrial fibrillation, employing a panel of biomarkers such as MIR3926-1, CETN2, CAPRIN1, and others, with agents forming specific binding pairs and detectable labels for accurate measurement.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If current diagnostic methods are used for stroke, then diagnosis can be performed, but differentiation between cardioembolic stroke and large artery atherosclerosis is inadequate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the diagnostic process by developing separate gene expression signatures for different stroke etiologies. Specific gene panels are designed to distinguish cardioembolic stroke from large artery atherosclerosis, allowing differentiated diagnosis rather than treating stroke as a single entity. This segmentation enables precise identification of stroke subtypes through distinct molecular markers.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces gene expression signatures as intermediary biomarkers that mediate between the clinical presentation and the underlying stroke etiology. These molecular signatures serve as intermediaries that reveal the causal mechanism (cardioembolic vs. atherosclerotic) without directly observing the pathological process, enabling indirect but accurate differentiation of stroke types.
2Measurement precision
If current diagnostic methods are used, then stroke can be detected, but detection of atrial fibrillation is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary detection of atrial fibrillation through gene expression analysis at the time of stroke presentation. By assessing fibrillation-related gene signatures early in the diagnostic process, the system identifies the underlying arrhythmia cause before initiating treatment, preventing delays in targeted therapy administration and enabling proactive management of the underlying condition.
3Measurement precision
If more comprehensive diagnostic testing is performed, then accuracy improves, but costs increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts only the essential gene expression markers relevant to stroke etiology differentiation and atrial fibrillation detection from the complete transcriptome. By focusing on specific gene panels rather than comprehensive genomic sequencing, the method achieves high diagnostic accuracy while minimizing testing costs and resource utilization, extracting maximum clinical value from minimal molecular data.
4Loss of time
If rapid diagnosis is implemented, then treatment time is reduced, but diagnostic precision may be compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex, time-consuming mechanical diagnostic procedures (imaging, invasive monitoring) with molecular-based gene expression analysis. This substitution enables rapid detection of stroke etiology and atrial fibrillation through biochemical signatures that can be processed quickly, achieving both speed and precision by replacing physical diagnostic mechanisms with molecular sensing.
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention discloses a method for diagnosing stroke utilizing gene expression signatures. The method facilitates to distinguish a body fluid sample of a subject suffered from stroke and a body fluid of a control sample from a subject not likely to suffer from stroke. The method further enables to differentiate cardioembolic stroke from large artery atherosclerosis stroke in the subject. The method further enables to detect a presence of atrial fibrillation in the subject. The method further enables to detect the presence of atrial fibrillation from cardioembolic stroke, and not due to atrial fibrillation and large artery atherosclerosis stroke.