Electric Generator Cogging Torque Compensation via Current Injection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for reducing cogging torque in electric generators, particularly in low-speed applications like wind turbines, face inaccuracies in prediction and difficulties in measurement due to material variations and mechanical resonance, requiring high-cost and high-bandwidth sensors.

Innovation Solution

Estimating cogging torque by determining a compensating current through iterative test runs, allowing for compensation across varying operating conditions using lower-cost sensors and mathematical modeling, and applying this current to minimize torque ripple.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If cogging torque is measured using a specially designed test rig with torque transducers, then measurement accuracy can be improved, but device complexity and cost increase due to high-bandwidth sensors and constant low-speed rotation requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecogging torque measurement accuracyVSAvoidtest rig complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical torque measurement systems with an electrical measurement approach. Instead of using mechanical torque transducers and test rigs, the method measures cogging torque by analyzing electrical currents in the generator windings during a test run. The control unit determines cogging torque values by processing electrical signals from the generator, eliminating the need for complex mechanical measurement equipment while maintaining measurement accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Device complexity

If prediction methods like finite elements method are used to determine cogging torque, then device complexity is reduced, but manufacturing precision deteriorates due to big errors from material variation and tolerance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement system complexityVSAvoidcogging torque prediction accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback-based measurement and compensation system. During a test run, the control unit measures the actual electrical currents in the generator windings and uses this feedback information to calculate the actual cogging torque values present in the specific generator unit. This feedback approach accounts for material variations and manufacturing tolerances by measuring the actual performance of the specific generator rather than relying on theoretical predictions, thereby improving accuracy while keeping the system simple.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Measurement precision

If test run is conducted at low rotating speed to accurately measure cogging torque, then measurement precision improves, but productivity decreases due to difficulty in maintaining constant speed and mechanical resonance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecogging torque signal accuracyVSAvoidtest run efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical speed control requirements with an electrical measurement system that can operate across varying speeds. Instead of requiring the generator to rotate at a constant low speed using mechanical prime movers, the method measures electrical currents during a test run and calculates cogging torque values that can then be applied across the entire operating speed range. This substitution eliminates the need for precise mechanical speed control while maintaining measurement accuracy and improving test efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method effectively reduces cogging torque ripple with lower-cost sensors and improved accuracy, enabling efficient operation across different speeds and loads, and can be adapted for various generator conditions.

Implementation Method 1

an electric generator operable according to the inventive method and a wind turbine comprising such an electric generator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

Cogging torque is an undesirable effect present in electrical motors or generators which is caused by the position dependent interaction between the rotor and the stator of the electric machine

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCogging torque effect:

Data Source

PatentEP2651028B1Estimation of cogging torque
Publication Date: 2019.03.13 SIEMENS GAMESA RENEWABLE ENERGY AS
  • EP2651028B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2

AI summary

A method of controlling an electric generator is provided. While rotating the electric generator at a known rotating speed, a cogging torque signal representative of a cogging torque of the electric generator such as torque, vibration or acoustic noise is measured. Then a compensating current having a predetermined current characteristic is injected into the electric generator. This is repeated for a plurality of different predetermined current characteristics until the measured cogging torque signal meets a predetermined condition. One of the predetermined current characteristics is selected as a base operating current characteristic. The electric generator will be operated injecting an operating compensating current having an operating current characteristic derived from the base operating current characteristic in accordance with an operating state of the electric generator. Further aspects of the invention relate to an electric generator operable according to the invention and a wind turbine comprising such an electric generator.