Generator Frequency Control via UPS Intermediary
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Solution Overview
Problem
Generators used as backup power supplies often experience significant frequency variations when taking over large loads, exceeding the tolerable limits of sensitive loads like commercial, industrial, and data-center loads, and existing UPS systems either fail to maintain frequency independence or require calibration for different generator behaviors.
Innovation Solution
An electrical apparatus with a detecting circuit and controller that monitors and adjusts the generator frequency by adjusting power levels, using a rectifier, energy storage device, and inverter to maintain the frequency within predetermined limits, ensuring safe and stable power supply.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If the generator takes over the entire load instantly from the grid, then the power supply continuity is maintained, but the frequency variation of the generator exceeds what the load can tolerate
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary action by having the UPS provide backup power before the generator is fully ready to take over the load. The controller monitors generator frequency and only begins transferring load once the generator frequency stabilizes within the acceptable range, preventing harmful frequency variations from affecting the load during transition.
Solution Approach 2:
The UPS acts as an intermediary between the generator and the load during the transition period. It absorbs the frequency variation stress by maintaining stable power to the load while the generator frequency is being adjusted, thereby protecting the load from harmful frequency variations.
2Reliability
If the generator takes over the load from the UPS, then the backup power function is achieved, but the generator frequency may have a large frequency variation
Solution Approach 1:
The controller continuously monitors the generator frequency and uses feedback control to adjust the power transfer between UPS and generator. When frequency deviates from the acceptable range, the controller reduces the power transfer rate or pauses the transition until frequency stabilizes, ensuring frequency variation remains within tolerable limits while still achieving backup power function.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If the UPS provides power to the load during generator transition, then frequency stability is maintained, but the energy storage device may be depleted before generator takes over
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adjusts the power transfer rate between UPS and generator based on real-time frequency measurements. When generator frequency is unstable, the transfer rate is reduced or paused, conserving UPS energy. When frequency stabilizes within the acceptable range, the transfer rate increases, allowing faster transition and reducing the duration the UPS must sustain the load.
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an electrical apparatus, a power supply system having the same and a method of manufacturing the electrical apparatus. The electrical apparatus includes a detecting circuit coupled to a generator and configured to detect a frequency of the generator. The electrical apparatus also includes a controller coupled to the detecting circuit and configured to receive a first signal indicating the detected frequency and adjust the frequency of the generator in response to determining that the detected frequency is out of a predetermined frequency range. In this way, an actively controlling of the changing rate of the power to and from generator may be achieved, if the generator frequency exceeds the configured limits.