Hybrid Aircraft Generator-Propulsor Frequency Synchronization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing hybrid electric aircraft propulsion systems face challenges in efficiently synchronizing the frequency between generators and electric propulsors, leading to desynchronization issues that affect propulsion efficiency and reliability.

Innovation Solution

The method involves disconnecting and reconnecting the generator from the electric propulsors, using motor inverters to synchronize frequencies, and modulating AC electric power to maintain connection during synchronization, with a controller managing these processes to prevent and recover from desynchronization.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the generator is continuously connected to the electric propulsors during operation, then power delivery is maintained, but desynchronization between generator and propulsor frequencies occurs leading to propulsion inefficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesynchronization reliabilityVSAvoidpropulsion efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary disconnection of the generator from the propulsor before frequency changes are needed, allowing independent frequency adjustment without synchronization conflicts. The controller detects frequency differences and temporarily disconnects the generator connection to enable safe frequency modulation of the propulsor motors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically switches between connected and disconnected states of the generator-propsor link based on operational requirements. The controller continuously monitors frequency and dynamically controls the connection state, transitioning from connected (for power delivery) to disconnected (for frequency adjustment) and back again.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If the generator frequency is changed to match propulsor frequency requirements, then synchronization is achieved, but the process causes interruptions in power delivery

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency synchronizationVSAvoidpower delivery interruption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary disconnection before frequency changes, allowing the propulsor frequency to be adjusted to match the generator frequency without attempting to change generator frequency under load, which would cause instability and interruptions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Adaptability or versatility

If the generator and propulsor operate at different frequencies, then operational flexibility is maintained, but desynchronization occurs leading to system failure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperational flexibilityVSAvoidsystem stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically adjusts its operational mode based on frequency matching requirements. When frequency mismatch is detected, the controller transitions to a disconnected state where the propulsor can operate independently at its optimal frequency. When synchronization is achieved, the system transitions to a connected state for efficient power delivery, thus maintaining both flexibility and stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The controller continuously monitors the frequency of both the generator and propulsor motors, providing feedback that triggers connection state changes. When frequency difference exceeds a threshold, the controller initiates disconnection; when frequencies match, the controller initiates reconnection, creating a closed-loop control system that maintains reliability while allowing operational flexibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances propulsion system efficiency by maintaining synchronization, ensuring reliable power delivery and reducing the risk of desynchronization, thereby improving overall aircraft performance.

Implementation Method 1

The generator is connected to the combustion engine and is selective capable of providing AC electric power to the electric propulsors

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

The electric propulsors are connected to motor inverters and are selective capable of receiving AC electric power from the generator or from an external ground power unit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic force: Lorentz Force

Data Source

PatentEP3620385B1Synchronization of generator and electric motor in a hybrid electric aircraft propulsion system
Publication Date: 2023.04.19 PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA CORP
  • EP3620385B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3620385B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3620385B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method and system (200) for operating a hybrid electric aircraft propulsion system. The method comprises modulating AC electric power applied to a first electric propulsor (206A) or a second electric propulsor (206B) from at least one motor inverter (208A,208B;308) to synchronize the frequency of the first electric propulsor (206A) or the second electric propulsor (206B) with the frequency of a generator (202).