Geodetic Target with Inclinometer and Matrix Sensor for Position Correction
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Solution Overview
Problem
In geodesy, determining the position of target points is challenging due to limitations such as the absence of a line of sight to geodetic instruments, finite dimensions of reflectors, and measurement errors caused by the eccentricity of direction-invariant points, which require correction to accurately locate target points.
Innovation Solution
A geodetic target system equipped with an orienting device, inclinometers, imaging optics, and a matrix sensor that determines the spatial orientation and position of a reflector relative to the target point, allowing for precise correction of measurement errors and accurate positioning through a combination of distance and angle measurements.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If a reflector is fastened directly to the target point, then the measurement process is simplified, but the line of sight to the geodetic instrument is blocked and the reflector does not coincide fully with the target point
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a new spatial dimension by placing the reflector on a surveyor's rod held above the target point rather than directly on it. This vertical displacement resolves the contradiction by allowing the geodetic instrument to measure the reflector's position from a different spatial perspective, eliminating the line of sight blockage while maintaining measurement capability through coordinate transformation.
Solution Approach 2:
The surveyor's rod acts as an intermediary element between the target point and the reflector. It transfers the measurement reference from the inaccessible target point to the accessible reflector position, enabling indirect measurement while maintaining the relationship between the two points through known geometric parameters.
2Reliability
If the reflector is placed above the target point on a surveyor's rod, then the line of sight is maintained, but measurement errors occur due to the need for exact plumb orientation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical plumb line orientation system with an optical measurement system. Instead of relying on mechanical leveling devices to achieve exact vertical orientation, the system uses the geodetic instrument to optically determine the reflector's spatial coordinates, automatically compensating for orientation deviations through coordinate transformation calculations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the measurement parameter from direct vertical alignment verification to three-dimensional coordinate measurement. By measuring the reflector's position in 3D space (x, y, z coordinates) and calculating the vertical offset mathematically, the system achieves higher precision without requiring mechanical plumb orientation.
3Ease of operation
If the direction-invariant point of the reflector does not coincide with the target point, then the reflector can be positioned for measurement, but measurement correction is required due to eccentricity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a computational model (copy) of the target point position based on the measured reflector position. By establishing the known geometric relationship between the reflector's direction-invariant point and the target point, the system calculates the target point coordinates through coordinate transformation, effectively copying the position information from the measurable reflector to the target point.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a computational intermediary process that transforms the reflector's measured coordinates into target point coordinates. This mathematical transformation acts as an intermediary, bridging the gap between the reflector's position (which is easily measurable) and the target point's position (which requires correction for eccentricity).
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables high-accuracy determination of target point positions by correcting for measurement errors and providing precise spatial orientation, facilitating both static and dynamic tracking of geodetic targets with improved accuracy and reliability.
Implementation Method 1
at least one reflector (30) reflecting incident measurement beams (S)
Implementation Method 2
at least one imaging optics (40) that focuses the measurement beams (S) incident on the at least one reflector (30) in a focal point (B)
Data Source
AI summary
A geodetic target 1 for use in geodesy comprises an orienting device 10 with a bearing direction P, a first inclinometer 20 with a first axis of inclination 20A, a reflector 30 reflecting incident measurement beams S, an imaging optics 40 that focuses the incident measurement beams S, a matrix sensor 50, whose receiving surface 51 is situated in an image plane of the imaging optics 40, and an interface 60, which is connected to the first inclinometer 20 and the matrix sensor 50. The spatial arrangement and orientation of the optical axis and/or axis of symmetry 30A of the reflector 30 relative to the bearing direction P of the orienting device 10 is predetermined here. The first axis of inclination 20A makes an angle α other than zero with an optical axis 40A of the imaging optics 40. The optical axis 40A of the imaging optics 40 coincides with an optical axis 30A and/or axis of symmetry of the reflector 30 or is parallel to it or make an angle with it. The interface 60 is designed to put out the signals received from the first inclinometer 20 and the matrix sensor 50 for determining a spatial orientation of the reflector 30 reflecting the measurement beams relative to the target point Z.Moreover, a position determining system comprising this target and a method which uses this target is disclosed.