Real-Time Geosteering via Drill Bit Acoustic Signatures

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional geosteering systems for drilling lateral wells struggle to maintain the drill bit within the pay zone in real-time due to delayed position detection and non-unique solutions, leading to reduced hydrocarbon production efficiency.

Innovation Solution

An apparatus and method utilizing acoustic sensors adjacent to the drill bit to collect real-time acoustic signature data, comparing it to predetermined signatures to identify rock type and properties, and adjusting the drill bit direction in real-time to maintain optimal positioning within the pay zone.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of time

If measurement sensors are positioned behind the drill bit in conventional geosteering systems, then the system structure is simpler, but the position detection is delayed and cannot provide real-time steering feedback

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveposition detection delayVSAvoidsensor positioning complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The acoustic sensor is positioned at the drill bit location to detect rock formation acoustic signatures before the drill bit actually drills through them. This preliminary detection allows the system to identify upcoming geological boundaries and adjust the drill bit trajectory in advance, eliminating the time delay inherent in conventional systems where sensors are positioned behind the drill bit.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Loss of information

If wireline technique is used to transmit acoustic data, then data transmission rate is higher, but the system requires additional wireline deployment complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata transmission rateVSAvoidwireline deployment complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses borehole acoustic telemetry as an intermediary communication channel between the downhole acoustic sensor and the surface system. This intermediary allows data transmission through the drilling string or formation layers, eliminating the need for separate wireline deployment while maintaining adequate data transmission rates for real-time geosteering operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of manufacture

If acoustic telemetry methodology is used, then implementation cost is lower, but data rate is limited and requires lossy data reduction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimplementation costVSAvoiddata rate limitation
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The system transmits only the essential acoustic signature features and processed formation identification results rather than complete raw acoustic data streams. This partial action approach provides sufficient information for real-time geosteering decisions while working within the limited data rate capacity of acoustic telemetry, achieving an optimal balance between information quality and transmission efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables real-time steering of the drill bit within the pay zone, improving hydrocarbon production by ensuring better contact and reducing non-productive sections in the well.

Implementation Method 1

acoustic signals generated by the drill bit drilling into rock

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcoustic signal generation: Acoustic Emission

Data Source

PatentEP2780545B1Methods for geosteering a drill bit in real time using drilling acoustic signals
Publication Date: 2018.11.07 SAUDI ARABIAN OIL CO
  • EP2780545B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2780545B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2780545B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Disclosed is an apparatus, method, and program product for steering a drill bit within a pay zone in a lateral well The method includes receiving acoustic signature data from a downhole processor assembly. The acoustic signature data includes an amplitude spectrum and one or more acoustic characteristics evaluated from an acoustic signal provided by a sensor arranged adjacent to a drill bit and generated in real-time as a result of rotational contact of the drill bit with encountered rock in the lateral well during drilling. The method further includes comparing the received real-time acoustic signature data to predetermined acoustic signatures determined for a plurality of rock samples, and. identifying a lithology type of the rock being encountered by the drill bit based on the comparison. Further, the method includes steering the drill bit in a predefined direction, in real-time, based on the identified lithology type of the rock, for maintaining the drill bit within the pay zone of the lateral well.