Graphene Field Effect Transistor Radiation Sensor Architecture

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional radiation detection devices lack optimal efficiency, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness, and often require complex manufacturing processes.

Innovation Solution

An apparatus comprising a first layer of sensors responsive to electric field changes, a second layer producing charge carriers in response to radiation, and a third layer of electrodes that can alter the electric field for selective readout, utilizing a graphene field effect transistor (GFET) for direct charge carrier detection without intermediary conversions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional radiation detection devices are used, then radiation detection can be performed, but efficiency and sensitivity are not optimal

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection sensitivityVSAvoiddetection efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an intermediary layer that converts radiation into charge carriers, which are then detected by the sensor. This intermediary conversion process enhances both the sensitivity and efficiency of detection by optimizing each step of the detection chain separately rather than relying on a single direct detection mechanism.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The detector employs a composite structure combining multiple materials with complementary properties: a radiation-sensitive material for efficient charge carrier generation, a graphene layer for high-mobility charge transport, and a semiconductor substrate for detection. This composite approach optimizes both sensitivity and detection efficiency simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If conventional radiation detection devices are used, then radiation detection can be performed, but manufacturing is more complex and costly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection performanceVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The detector is segmented into distinct functional layers: a radiation-sensitive layer for charge carrier generation, a graphene intermediate layer for charge transport, and a semiconductor substrate for detection. This segmentation allows each layer to be optimized and manufactured separately using suitable processes, then combined through standard semiconductor fabrication techniques, reducing overall manufacturing complexity while maintaining high detection performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The graphene layer serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as a charge carrier transport medium, provides structural support, and enables selective addressing through its electrical properties. This multi-functionality reduces the number of separate components needed, simplifying manufacturing while maintaining reliable detection performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration enhances radiation detection sensitivity, position sensitivity, and reduces manufacturing complexity, enabling efficient and cost-effective radiation imaging and medical applications with improved response times.

Implementation Method 1

a second layer comprising a substrate configured to produce one or more charge carriers in response to incident radiation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric effect: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 2

a first layer comprising one or more sensors, wherein each sensor is configured to be able to detect changes in an electric field in the vicinity of the sensor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectField effect: Electric Field

Data Source

PatentEP3232230B1Apparatus for sensing radiation
Publication Date: 2022.11.09 NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
  • EP3232230B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1C
  • EP3232230B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3232230B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5A

AI summary

An apparatus for sensing radiation is provided. Certain examples provide an apparatus 100 comprising: a first layer 101 comprising a sensor 101a(1), wherein the sensor is configured to be responsive to changes in an electric field in the vicinity of the sensor; a second layer 102 comprising a substrate 102a configured to produce charge carriers 102b in response to incident radiation 104; and a third layer 103 comprising a plurality of electrodes 103a(1)-103a(j), wherein the plurality of electrodes are configured to be selectively addressed during a readout operation of the sensor. Certain examples, relate to an apparatus for sensing X-rays or sensing neutrons comprising a graphene field effect transistor (GFET).