GH25 Lysozyme and Phytase Feed Additives for Gut Microbiota Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current animal feed compositions fail to effectively utilize lysozyme and phytase activities to improve growth performance and environmental sustainability, as existing lysozyme products are limited in their ability to target human pathogens, and inorganic phosphate addition is costly and environmentally detrimental.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating polypeptides with lysozyme activity from glycosyl hydrolyase family 25 and phytase activity classified as EC 3.1.3.26 into animal feed, which alters the gut microbiota, increasing Faecalibacterium and Clostridiales proportions, thereby enhancing European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR).
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If hen egg-white lysozyme is used in animal feed, then bacterial cell wall hydrolysis is achieved, but it cannot cleave N,6-O-diacetylmuramic acid in Staphylococcus aureus cell walls
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the fundamental parameter of lysozyme structure by selecting GH25 lysozyme from fungi instead of GH22 hen egg-white lysozyme. This structural parameter change enables the enzyme to cleave N,6-O-diacetylmuramic acid in Staphylococcus aureus cell walls, which GH22 lysozyme cannot do, thereby expanding substrate specificity while maintaining lytic activity.
2Reliability
If inorganic phosphate is added to animal feed to compensate for phosphate deficit, then animal growth and health are ensured, but cost increases and environmental pollution worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the self-service principle by incorporating phytase enzyme in animal feed, which enables the animal's own digestive system to hydrolyze phytate and release phosphorus. This self-generated phosphorus eliminates the need for inorganic phosphate supplementation, reducing both cost and environmental pollution while ensuring adequate phosphorus supply for growth.
Solution Approach 2:
The phytase enzyme acts as an intermediary substance that facilitates the conversion of indigestible phytate into absorbable phosphorus. This intermediary enables the animal to access phosphorus from plant-based feed without requiring direct inorganic phosphate addition, thereby solving both the nutritional and environmental problems.
3Productivity
If phytase is added to animal feed to hydrolyze phytate, then animal performance improves and phosphate burden is reduced, but further growth performance improvement is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges two enzymatic functions into a single feed additive formulation: GH25 lysozyme for antimicrobial activity and phytase for phosphorus release. This combination creates a synergistic effect where lysozyme improves gut health by targeting bacteria, while phytase ensures adequate phosphorus supply, together achieving superior growth performance beyond what either enzyme can accomplish alone.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The combination of GH25 lysozyme and EC 3.1.3.26 phytase in animal feed significantly improves EPEF and FCR by altering gut microbiota, increasing butyrate-producing bacteria, and reducing Bacteroidales, leading to enhanced animal performance and environmental benefits.
Implementation Method 1
The enzyme causes the hydrolysis of bacterial cell walls by cleaving the glycosidic bonds of peptidoglycan
Implementation Method 2
bacterial cells lyse as a result of umbalanced osmotic pressure
Implementation Method 3
By using a phytase in animal feeds, the phytate is hydrolyzed to substrates which the animal can utilise
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention relates to animal feed compositions comprising polypeptides having lysozyme activity and polypeptides having phytase activity and uses thereof.