GHz Wave Intrusion Detection Beam Grid
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Solution Overview
Problem
Active infrared (IR) intrusion detection systems are prone to high nuisance alarm rates due to weather conditions such as rain, snow, fog, high temperatures, and low sun angles, which interfere with their effectiveness.
Innovation Solution
The use of gigahertz (GHz) wave transmitter and receiver pairs to create a beam grid that is less affected by weather conditions and sunlight, forming a more reliable intrusion detection system with reduced nuisance alarms.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If active infrared (IR) sensors are used to create active beams for intrusion detection, then the system can detect intruders breaking beams, but the system generates high nuisance alarms when subjected to weather conditions (rain, snow, fog, high ground temperatures) and low sun angles
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the fundamental operating parameter of the sensor system from infrared wavelength to microwave wavelength (1-1000 GHz range). This parameter change allows the system to operate in the microwave spectrum where atmospheric absorption by rain, snow, fog, and dust is significantly reduced compared to infrared wavelengths, thereby eliminating weather-related nuisance alarms while maintaining intrusion detection capability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent substitutes active infrared sensors with microwave transmitters and receivers. This substitution replaces the optical detection mechanism with electromagnetic wave detection in the microwave frequency range, which is inherently less sensitive to sunlight interference and weather conditions, thus resolving the contradiction between detection reliability and environmental interference
2Adaptability or versatility
If active infrared (IR) sensors are used at low sun angles, then the system can operate in various lighting conditions, but the sunlight contains sufficient intensity and IR content that interferes with the AIR sensor causing constant alarm or spurious behavior
Solution Approach 1:
The system changes the operating wavelength from infrared to microwave frequencies (1-1000 GHz). Since sunlight primarily emits in the infrared and visible spectrum with minimal microwave content, this parameter change makes the sensor immune to sunlight interference while maintaining the ability to detect intrusions at low sun angles and throughout the day
3Reliability
If a beam grid is created using GHz wave transmitter and receiver pairs, then the system reduces nuisance alarms from weather conditions, but the system complexity increases compared to simple AIR sensors
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the detection system into multiple independent transmitter/receiver pairs, each creating individual beams that form a grid pattern. This segmentation allows the complex microwave detection function to be distributed across multiple simple units, making the system more manageable and maintainable despite the increased complexity of using microwave technology instead of simple infrared sensors
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The GHz wave sensor system significantly reduces nuisance alarms and maintains high detection probability across various weather conditions and sun angles, providing superior performance compared to active IR systems.
Implementation Method 1
use gigahertz (GHz) wave transmitter and receiver pairs to create a beam grid
Implementation Method 2
Rain, snow, fog and dust attenuate GHz wave energy much less than IR energy
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods that use 1 GHz to 1000 GHz sources and sensors to create an intrusion detection array that does not have the physical limitations of an Active IR sensor. The array is created by a plurality of wave sources and sensor pairs that form a plane of wave break beams. The plane detects an intruder as he/she passes through the beams.