In-Vivo GI Bleeding Detection Device with Optical Sampling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current in-vivo devices for detecting blood in gastrointestinal (GI) tract fluids face challenges such as tissue interference, bubble and particle disruption, limited LED numbers for differentiation, and inadequate temporal information for bleeding detection, leading to inefficient and inaccurate results.
Innovation Solution
The development of an in-vivo device with an elongated housing and a passage for bodily fluids, featuring multiple illumination sources at different narrow wavelengths, a light detector, and a transmitter, designed to prevent tissue entry into the sensing area, with optional features like a constricted passage for Venturi effect, hydrophobic coating, and multiple sensing areas to enhance detection accuracy and sensitivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If an open gap housing is used to allow fluid flow, then fluid passage is improved, but tissue enters the gap and blocks light transmission
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the problematic open gap structure and extracts only the essential function of fluid sampling. Instead of allowing free flow through a gap, the invention uses a controlled sampling mechanism that draws fluid through a restricted aperture into a detection chamber, preventing tissue ingress while maintaining fluid sampling capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary sampling chamber between the fluid source and the detection optics. This intermediate space allows fluid to be sampled and contained separately from the main flow path, preventing direct contact between tissue and the optical detection path while still enabling fluid analysis.
2Measurement precision
If multiple illumination sources at different narrow wavelengths are used, then blood differentiation capability is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the illumination function into multiple discrete wavelength sources, each targeting specific absorption characteristics of blood components. This segmentation allows precise spectral analysis by measuring light absorption at multiple distinct wavelengths, enabling differentiation between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of illumination wavelength to multiple discrete values, allowing the detection system to probe different absorption characteristics of blood. By varying the wavelength parameter across multiple LED sources, the system can distinguish between different blood states without requiring complex mechanical or chemical analysis.
3Productivity
If a constricted passage is used to create Venturi effect, then fluid sampling efficiency is improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies pneumatic principles by using a pump to create pressure differential for fluid sampling. The Venturi effect is utilized within the constricted passage to enhance fluid draw through pressure differential, improving sampling efficiency without requiring excessively tight tolerances in the passage geometry.
4Object-affected harmful factors
If hydrophobic coating is applied to prevent tissue adhesion, then tissue interference is reduced, but coating application complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the surface energy parameter of the passage walls by applying a hydrophobic coating. This parameter change prevents tissue and fluid adhesion to the passage surfaces, reducing clogging and interference while maintaining smooth fluid flow through the sampling system.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device effectively detects blood in GI tract fluids with improved accuracy and sensitivity, reducing noise from tissue and particle interference, and provides temporal information for active bleeding identification, enabling more precise diagnosis and treatment.
Implementation Method 1
Each illumination source may irradiate the in-vivo fluids at a different narrow band illumination
Implementation Method 2
At least one light detector may be positioned at the opposite side of the gap facing the illumination sources in order to detect light that passes through the in-vivo fluids
Implementation Method 3
with optional features like a constricted passage for Venturi effect
Implementation Method 4
with optional features like a constricted passage for Venturi effect, hydrophobic coating
Data Source
AI summary
In-vivo devices, systems and methods for the detection of blood within in-vivo bodily fluids. The methods include irradiating in-vivo fluids passing through a gap in a housing of an in-vivo device introduced to the GI tract of a subject with a plurality of illumination sources positioned on a first side of a gap; detecting with at least one light detector positioned on the opposite side of the gap and facing the illumination sources, light irradiated by the illumination sources; transmitting a plurality of values representing the light detected over time; converting these values to blood concentration values over time, and comparing the blood concentration values to a predetermined threshold value. Based on the comparison, the method includes determining the type of bleeding profile, such that if a plurality of blood concentration values measured consecutively is above the threshold value, the bleeding profile indicates bleeding.