Ginkgo Biloba Extracts Deter Codling Moth Larvae Feeding
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for controlling codling moth infestation in apple trees are inadequate, as existing insecticides are either ineffective, lead to resistance, or pose health risks, and there is a lack of understanding about the deterrent effects of Ginkgo extracts on this pest.
Innovation Solution
The use of Ginkgo biloba extracts and their synthetic metabolites, such as ginkgolic acid, bilobalide, and ginkgolide B, to prevent codling moth infestation by affecting feeding behavior, either through direct application as sprays or by bioengineering apple trees to express these compounds in their waxes, which deter the larvae from entering the apples.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If broad-spectrum organophosphate neurotoxin and azinphos-methyl are used to control codling moth, then pest control effectiveness is improved, but insecticide resistance develops and health risks increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful effects of conventional insecticides (resistance development, health risks) into beneficial outcomes by using Ginkgo biloba extracts that provide pest control without these negative side effects. The extract acts as a natural alternative that maintains effectiveness while eliminating resistance and toxicity issues.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameter from synthetic organophosphate neurotoxins to natural Ginkgo biloba extract compounds (ginkgolic acid, bilobalide, ginkgolide B). This parameter change maintains pest control functionality while removing the harmful properties associated with conventional insecticides.
2Reliability
If excessive amounts of insecticides are applied to overcome resistance, then pest control effectiveness is maintained, but environmental pollution and health risks increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the dosage parameter from excessive insecticide application to low concentration Ginkgo extract application. The extract achieves effective pest control at much lower concentrations (e.g., 0.01-10 mg/ml), reducing environmental load and health risks while maintaining reliability.
3Reliability
If conventional insecticides are applied during harvest, then codling moth infestation is controlled, but insecticide use is banned in many areas
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical safety parameter to allow application during harvest periods. Ginkgo biloba extracts are safe for use on fruits intended for consumption, removing the restriction that prevents insecticide application during harvest while maintaining pest control effectiveness.
4Object-affected harmful factors
If natural pathogen-based insecticides are used, then health risks are reduced, but cost increases and effectiveness decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the active ingredient parameter from natural pathogens (bacteria, viruses) to Ginkgo biloba extract compounds. This provides a natural-based solution that is more stable, easier to store, and potentially more cost-effective while maintaining low health risks and improving reliability through consistent deterrent effects.
Data Source
AI summary
Codling moth, Cydia pomonella, (L.), is a cosmopolitan pest of the apple, potentially causing damage to circa 80% of the fruit. Disclosed here are use of extract of Ginkgo biloba, or its synthetic metabolites for preventing or treating apple feeding and infestation by neonate larvae of codling moth.