Glassy Carbon Separator Layer for Lithium Dendrite Inhibition

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Solution Overview

Problem

Lithium-ion batteries face issues with dendrite formation during metallic lithium deposition, leading to internal short circuits and capacity loss, especially in secondary cells with liquid electrolytes, and there is a need to improve deposition morphology to enhance cycle stability and energy density.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating a glassy carbon layer between the negative electrode and the separator in lithium secondary cells, which can be either a liquid electrolyte or all-solid-state cell, to inhibit dendrite growth by mechanically blocking the growth path and increasing surface mobility, thereby reducing the likelihood of dendrite formation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If metallic lithium is used as the anode active material to increase energy density, then energy density is improved, but dendrite formation occurs leading to internal short circuits and capacity loss

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy densityVSAvoidcycle stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A glassy carbon layer is introduced as an intermediary between the metallic lithium anode and the electrolyte/separator. This intermediate layer modifies the deposition interface, promoting uniform lithium ion distribution and preventing direct contact between dendrites and the electrolyte, thereby maintaining both high energy density and cycle stability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the physical and chemical parameters of the deposition interface by applying a glassy carbon coating with specific properties (amorphous structure, controlled porosity, high conductivity). This modifies the electrochemical environment to favor uniform lithium deposition over dendritic growth, enabling reliable use of metallic lithium in secondary cells

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If a glassy carbon layer is applied to inhibit dendrite growth, then cycle stability is improved, but the cell structure becomes more complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecycle stabilityVSAvoidcell structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The glassy carbon layer is integrated with existing cell components (anode current collector or separator) rather than being a separate independent layer. This merging approach incorporates the dendrite-inhibiting function into the existing cell structure, improving cycle stability without significantly increasing overall device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The glassy carbon is applied as a thin film coating rather than a thick discrete layer. This thin film approach provides the necessary dendrite inhibition functionality while minimizing additional structural complexity and maintaining flexibility in cell design

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The glassy carbon layer effectively inhibits dendrite growth, even with low thickness, improving the cycle stability and energy density of lithium secondary cells by preventing internal short circuits and capacity loss, while maintaining lithium ion permeability.

Implementation Method 1

inhibit dendrite growth by mechanically blocking the growth path

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical blocking: Physical Containment

Implementation Method 2

increasing surface mobility, thereby reducing the likelihood of dendrite formation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSurface mobility enhancement: Diffusion

Implementation Method 3

maintaining lithium ion permeability

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon permeability: Permeation

Data Source

PatentUS11005140B2Lithium cell having a glassy carbon layer
Publication Date: 2021.05.11 BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG

AI summary

A separator for a lithium secondary cell is provided. The separator has a separator substrate, selected from porous separators for liquid-electrolyte cells and solid-electrolyte separators having lithium ion conductivity, and has a layer of glassy carbon (GC), which is applied at least on one side of the separator substrate. A lithium secondary cell is also provided, which contains a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator placed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. The glassy carbon layer of the separator faces the negative electrode.