Glucose Biosensor Cytoplasmic Membrane Filter
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing glucose sensors face issues with enzyme stability, oxygen dependence, mediator role, enzyme leaching, and decreased accuracy due to signal-interfering particles, leading to inefficient glucose detection in biological samples.
Innovation Solution
A biosensor with a filter unit formed of a cytoplasmic membrane that allows selective permeation of glucose, using membrane proteins and glucose transporter proteins to enhance detection sensitivity and specificity, and is less affected by environmental conditions such as humidity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If enzyme-based glucose sensors are used to provide high precision measurement, then measurement precision is improved, but enzyme stability deteriorates due to rapid loss of activity at extreme pH and temperature conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a mediator substance that facilitates electron transfer between the enzyme and electrode, allowing the enzyme to operate optimally without direct contact with extreme conditions. The mediator acts as an intermediary carrier that enables the electrochemical reaction while protecting the enzyme from denaturation at high temperatures and extreme pH levels.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies operational parameters including pH control mechanisms and temperature compensation algorithms to maintain enzyme activity within optimal ranges. By dynamically adjusting these parameters, the sensor maintains high measurement precision while preventing enzyme degradation under varying environmental conditions.
2Measurement precision
If enzyme-based sensors are used for glucose detection, then measurement capability is improved, but oxygen dependence increases leading to reduced reliability under varying oxygen conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs mediator substances that can transfer electrons without requiring molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor. This mediator-based electron transfer system replaces the traditional oxygen-dependent enzymatic reaction, enabling glucose detection to proceed independently of oxygen concentration variations in the sample.
3Device complexity
If conventional filters are used to remove signal-interfering particles, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision deteriorates due to inability to selectively filter interfering substances
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes porous filter materials with specifically controlled pore sizes and surface properties that enable selective permeation. The porous structure provides large surface area for interaction while maintaining size-based and affinity-based selectivity, allowing glucose to pass through while blocking larger interfering particles and molecules.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite filter materials combining multiple functional components including size-exclusion layers, affinity-based selective layers, and conductive materials. This multi-layer composite structure achieves both particle filtration and signal enhancement without significantly increasing device complexity.
4Ease of operation
If high humidity storage conditions are used for enzyme-based sensors, then ease of operation is improved, but enzyme stability deteriorates due to denaturation at high humidity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements humidity control mechanisms including hydrophobic coatings and desiccant layers that maintain optimal humidity levels within the sensor assembly. By controlling the local microenvironment, the enzyme remains stable during storage and transport without requiring stringent external humidity control, thus maintaining both stability and ease of operation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The biosensor achieves high glucose detection sensitivity and specificity, even in the presence of signal-interfering substances, and maintains stability across varying conditions, improving upon the limitations of commercial glucose sensors.
Implementation Method 1
a filter unit formed of a cytoplasmic membrane, which allows selective permeation of glucose in a biological sample
Implementation Method 2
an electrical signal is generated as the glucose is oxidized and the electron transport material (water or a coenzyme) is reduced through oxidation-reduction reactions
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to a biosensor for measuring glucose in a biological sample, which contains a filter unit formed of a cytoplasmic membrane, which allows selective permeation of glucose in a biological sample. The biosensor of the present disclosure, which contains the cytoplasmic membrane filter unit allowing selective permeation of glucose in the biological sample, exhibits high glucose detection sensitivity as compared to the commercially available blood sugar measuring sensors and also exhibits high glucose detection specificity despite the addition of signal-interfering substances such as fructose, xylose, maltose, cysteine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, galactose, etc. In addition, because he cytoplasmic membrane filter unit contained in the biosensor for measuring glucose of the present disclosure is not significantly affected by the moisture in the air, it can be applied to various products such as a disposable blood sugar test strip or an attachable or implantable glucose measuring device.