Glucose Concentration Determination via Multi-Frequency Impedance
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current non-invasive methods for determining glucose concentration in human blood are less accurate compared to invasive methods, while invasive methods are less convenient and safer.
Innovation Solution
A method using spaced apart electrodes to measure high and low frequency impedance of a body region, calculating fluid and extracellular fluid volumes, and determining glucose concentration by analyzing increments of these volumes over time, with adjustments for food intake and individual physiological factors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If non-invasive impedance measurement methods are used to determine glucose concentration, then convenience and safety are improved, but measurement accuracy deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the impedance measurement into multiple frequency components (at least two different frequencies) and multiple tissue compartments (extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid). By separating these measurements and analyzing them differently, the method extracts more specific physiological information that correlates with glucose concentration, thereby improving measurement accuracy while maintaining non-invasive convenience.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces the frequency dimension to the impedance measurement. Instead of using a single impedance value, the method measures impedance at multiple frequencies and uses the frequency-dependent behavior to differentiate between tissue compartments. This additional dimensional information enables more accurate glucose concentration determination without compromising convenience.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If non-invasive impedance measurement methods are used to determine glucose concentration, then safety is improved, but measurement accuracy deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the impedance measurement into multiple frequency components (at least two different frequencies) and multiple tissue compartments (extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid). By separating these measurements and analyzing them differently, the method extracts more specific physiological information that correlates with glucose concentration, thereby improving measurement accuracy while maintaining non-invasive convenience.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces the frequency dimension to the impedance measurement. Instead of using a single impedance value, the method measures impedance at multiple frequencies and uses the frequency-dependent behavior to differentiate between tissue compartments. This additional dimensional information enables more accurate glucose concentration determination without compromising convenience.
3Measurement precision
If multiple frequency impedance measurements are performed at predetermined time intervals, then glucose concentration determination accuracy is improved, but measurement time and complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary calibration measurements to establish baseline impedance values and relationships between frequency components. This preliminary action creates a reference framework that enables subsequent glucose concentration measurements to be performed more efficiently with reduced time requirements, as the system already has established parameters to work with.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements continuous monitoring at predetermined time intervals, maintaining the measurement process as an ongoing useful action rather than discrete separate measurements. This continuity allows the system to track glucose concentration dynamics and maintain accuracy while optimizing the timing of measurements to minimize total measurement time.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method provides a more accurate continuous determination of glucose concentration with reduced error compared to existing non-invasive methods, leveraging the dynamic changes in body water spaces to track glucose levels.
Implementation Method 1
measuring the impedance of a human body part
Implementation Method 2
sugar content level is determined based on variation of dielectric permeability of a finger placed in the electrical field of transducer
Data Source
AI summary
Measuring the impedance of a human body region at a high frequency (ZHF) and a low frequency (ZLF). ZHF is used to obtain the value of the volume of fluid in the tissues of the region. ZLF is used to obtain the value of the volume of extracellular fluid in the tissues. The increase in the metabolic component in the volume of extracellular fluid is determined by the increase of the volume of all of the fluid in comparison with the previous measurement, determining the increase in the volume of extracellular fluid in comparison with the previous measurement and subsequently calculating the difference between the increases in the volume of all of the fluid and the volume of extracellular fluid. The glucose concentration G(tk) is determined by adding the amount of increase in the glucose concentration and the value of the glucose concentration determined at the previous measuring stage.