Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Estimation via Pulse Wave Signal Analysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for monitoring blood glucose levels in diabetes patients are invasive, painful, and prone to infections, while non-invasive methods lack accuracy and reliability.
Innovation Solution
A non-invasive apparatus and method using a pulse wave sensor to obtain pulse wave signals from an object, processing these signals to extract features such as time differences and ratios, and applying a blood glucose estimation model to estimate glucose levels, which can also incorporate metabolism information from sensors and user input.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If an invasive method of finger pricking is used to measure blood glucose levels, then measurement reliability is improved, but pain and risk of disease infections increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical invasive finger pricking method with an optical measurement system using a spectrometer. The spectrometer uses light to measure blood glucose levels non-invasively, eliminating the need for physical penetration of the skin while aiming to maintain measurement accuracy through spectral analysis of blood components.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces light as an intermediary substance to transfer information about blood glucose levels without direct contact with blood. The spectrometer shines light through or onto the blood sample, and the interaction between light and blood components provides glucose concentration information, serving as a non-invasive intermediary measurement method.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If a spectrometer is used to non-invasively measure blood glucose levels, then pain and infection risk are reduced, but measurement accuracy may be compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent moves from one-dimensional point measurements (single finger prick) to multi-dimensional spectral analysis. The spectrometer captures blood glucose information across multiple wavelengths simultaneously, creating a spectral fingerprint that provides more data points for accurate glucose determination while maintaining non-invasive benefits.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the measurement parameter from direct electrical or chemical sensing to optical spectral characteristics. By measuring how blood absorbs and scatters light at different wavelengths, the system transforms the measurement approach to achieve non-invasive glucose detection while maintaining precision through sophisticated spectral analysis algorithms.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate, pain-free, and convenient monitoring of blood glucose levels, reducing the risk of infections and providing reliable glucose estimates through a combination of pulse wave signal analysis and metabolism data.
Implementation Method 1
at least one detector configured to detect the light of at least one wavelength scattered or reflected from the object
Implementation Method 2
at least one detector configured to detect the light of at least one wavelength scattered or reflected from the object
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus for estimating blood glucose using a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal is provided. The apparatus for estimating blood glucose includes: a pulse wave sensor configured to obtain a pulse wave signal from an object; and a processor configured to obtain at least two points from a waveform of the pulse wave signal, to extract a feature based on time values of the obtained at least two points, and to estimate blood glucose based on the extracted feature.