Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing With Dual-Wavelength PPG Compensation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Non-invasive blood glucose meters suffer from measurement inaccuracies due to individual differences, environmental factors, and variability in blood volume, leading to reduced precision, especially at extreme glucose levels, and require frequent calibration.
Innovation Solution
An apparatus using two or more light sources with different wavelength bands to emit light on the body, capturing photoplethysmography signals, and deriving amplitude ratios from these signals to estimate blood glucose levels, accounting for both glucose and hemoglobin absorption differences.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If non-invasive optical measurement is used to measure blood glucose, then ease of operation is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to individual differences and environmental factors
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by utilizing multiple wavelength bands (first wavelength band with lower glucose absorption, second wavelength band with higher glucose absorption) to measure different physiological parameters. By changing the measurement parameters (wavelengths) and processing them through amplitude ratios, the system compensates for individual differences and environmental factors, thereby improving measurement precision while maintaining ease of non-invasive operation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite measurement approach by combining signals from multiple wavelength bands. The processor integrates the first PPG signal (less sensitive to glucose) and second PPG signal (more sensitive to glucose) to create a composite measurement that cancels out interfering factors like skin pigmentation and environmental light, resolving the contradiction between ease of use and precision
2Ease of operation
If non-invasive blood glucose measurement is used, then ease of operation is improved, but reliability deteriorates due to sensitivity to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediary approach by using the first wavelength band as a reference that is less sensitive to glucose but sensitive to environmental factors. This reference signal acts as a mediator to identify and compensate for environmental interference in the second wavelength band signal, thereby improving reliability while maintaining the non-invasive ease of operation
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements feedback by continuously monitoring the first PPG signal to detect environmental variations and using this information to adjust or compensate for interference in the glucose measurement from the second wavelength band, ensuring reliable measurements under varying environmental conditions
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Improves measurement accuracy by simplifying estimation calculations and accounting for individual and environmental variations, providing stable and precise blood glucose level readings.
Implementation Method 1
Glucose has lower absorption level in the first wavelength band than the second wavelength band. Hemoglobin has higher absorption level in the first wavelength band than in the second wavelength band.
Implementation Method 2
The sensor is configured to, in response to receiving the first light and the second light having been reflected by or passed through the part of the body, respectively output a first photoplethysmography (PPG) signal and a second PPG signal
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus that can implement non-invasive blood glucose testing, comprising a parameter acquisition module (101), a feature determination module (102) and a blood glucose determination module (103). The parameter acquisition module (101) is used for acquiring physiological parameters of a subject the blood glucose of which is to be tested and environmental parameters of a current region in which the subject is located, the physiological parameters being acquired by using non-invasive means. The feature determination module (102) is used for obtaining, according to the physiological parameters and the environmental parameters, first input features of the subject, the first input features comprising infrared spectral features and metabolic heat integration features of the subject. The blood glucose determination module (103) is used for inputting the first input features into a blood glucose measuring model, so as to obtain a blood glucose value of the subject by means of the blood glucose measurement model. Using the described apparatus may solve the technical problems in the related technology that invasive blood glucose measuring methods cannot continuously monitor blood glucose and makes patients vulnerable to the risk of infection.