Glucose Sensor Pulse Voltage for Precision and Lifespan
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing glucose sensors face challenges in precision and stability due to interference from background components and enzyme denaturation under constant voltage application, leading to degraded measurement accuracy and reduced sensor lifespan.
Innovation Solution
A method involving alternating response and non-response voltage applications to isolate currents attributed to glucose and background components, using a stepped pulse voltage pattern with a non-response voltage set between -0.5 to +0.5 V, and a standby phase to minimize voltage exposure and prevent enzyme denaturation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If a constant voltage is continuously applied to the working electrode to obtain response current for glucose measurement, then the measurement can be performed continuously, but the background components (ascorbic acid, electromagnetic noise) interfere with the measurement precision
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies periodic pulse voltage instead of continuous constant voltage. The pulse voltage is applied intermittently with a duty cycle, where the sensor is excited during the pulse period and allowed to rest during the off period. This periodic excitation reduces the accumulation of background components and minimizes interference from ascorbic acid and electromagnetic noise, thereby improving measurement precision while maintaining continuous monitoring capability through repeated measurements.
2Measurement precision
If a voltage is applied to the working electrode to obtain current response, then glucose concentration can be measured, but the glucose oxidoreductase becomes denatured and sensor stability degrades
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses periodic pulse voltage application where the sensor is excited only during the pulse period and rests during the off period. This reduces the total time the enzyme is exposed to denaturing voltage conditions, thereby slowing down enzyme degradation and extending sensor lifespan while still obtaining sufficient signal during the measurement windows.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent dynamically adjusts the voltage application pattern by using variable duty cycles and pulse widths. The measurement system adapts the excitation parameters based on signal quality and sensor state, optimizing the balance between obtaining sufficient current response for accurate glucose measurement and minimizing the cumulative stress on the enzyme to maintain sensor stability.
3Measurement precision
If the magnitude of voltage and application time are increased to improve signal strength, then measurement sensitivity improves, but enzyme denaturation accelerates and stability decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs periodic pulse voltage with optimized duty cycles that provide sufficient signal strength during the active period while limiting the total exposure time to voltage. This allows the system to achieve adequate measurement sensitivity through concentrated excitation pulses while preventing excessive enzyme denaturation that would occur with continuous high-voltage application, thereby extending sensor operational life.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances measurement precision by subtracting background currents, stabilizes the sensor over time, and prolongs its lifespan by reducing power consumption and frequency of calibration and replacement.
Implementation Method 1
The value of the response current can be obtained, for example, by electrochemically oxidizing hydrogen peroxide generated by a catalytic reaction of GOD
Implementation Method 2
hydrogen peroxide generated by a catalytic reaction of GOD
Implementation Method 3
by using electrons extracted from glucose via GOD with an Os polymer being a mediator
Data Source
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AI summary
Analysis equipment is provided, which is capable of fulfilling a demand for miniaturization and ensuring high sensitivity, and which can be produced easily. The present invention relates to a method of continuously measuring a substrate concentration based on a response when a voltage is applied to a sensor. The present invention includes a response voltage application step of applying a response voltage E2 at which a response attributed to a substrate is obtained and a non-response voltage application step of applying a non-response voltage E1 at which the response attributed to the substrate is not obtained or is not substantially obtained. Preferably, the response voltage application step and the non-response voltage application step are repeated alternately.