Glucose Test Strip Differential Temperature Sensing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Biosensors face challenges in accurately measuring low and ultralow concentrations of analytes due to decreased current signals resulting from reduced sensing area dimensions, requiring sensitive measurements that are temperature-dependent, making it difficult to achieve precise results without proper temperature monitoring.
Innovation Solution
A fluid test strip with sensing electrodes and a differential temperature sensor, where the temperature difference between the fluid and ambient environment is measured using two temperature sensing elements, allowing the test strip reader to calculate the fluid temperature and provide accurate analyte concentration measurements by accounting for temperature-dependent reaction rates.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If the sensing area dimensions are reduced to scale down biosensor size, then manufacturing cost is reduced, but the measured current signal decreases to nano-amperes or pico-amperes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces temperature as a critical parameter to monitor and control, recognizing that temperature variations significantly affect the electrochemical reactions in miniaturized biosensors. By implementing temperature sensing and compensation mechanisms, the system maintains measurement accuracy despite the reduced signal strength from smaller sensing areas.
2Measurement precision
If highly sensitive measurements are implemented to detect low and ultralow concentrations of analytes, then detection capability is improved, but temperature monitoring and control requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses temperature sensing elements as intermediary components that indirectly support the primary measurement function. These temperature sensors act as mediators that provide critical environmental data, enabling the system to compensate for temperature effects on the electrochemical reactions without directly interfering with the analyte detection process.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements feedback through temperature monitoring, where temperature data is continuously collected and used to adjust or compensate for temperature-induced variations in the electrochemical reactions. This feedback mechanism enables the system to maintain accurate analyte concentration measurements despite environmental temperature fluctuations.
3Productivity
If temperature-dependent chemical reactions are used for analyte detection, then reaction efficiency is improved, but measurement accuracy becomes sensitive to temperature variations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements feedback control by continuously monitoring temperature during the electrochemical reactions and using this information to compensate for temperature effects on reaction rates. The system adjusts measurements based on real-time temperature data, ensuring accurate analyte concentration readings regardless of temperature variations that affect reaction efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The system explicitly accounts for temperature as a variable parameter that affects reaction kinetics. By measuring temperature and incorporating it into the calculation model, the system can separate the effects of temperature from the effects of analyte concentration, maintaining measurement accuracy while allowing reactions to proceed at temperature-dependent rates.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enables accurate and reproducible measurements of analyte concentrations by compensating for temperature variations, enhancing the precision of biosensors like blood glucose test strips.
Implementation Method 1
The first temperature sensing element is positioned in the fluid receiving area. The second temperature sensing element is positioned adjacent to the contact pads. Together the first and the second temperature sensing elements provide an indication of the temperature difference between the fluid and the ambient environment.
Implementation Method 2
A reactive enzyme is positioned on the dielectric material and on the sensing electrodes in the fluid receiving area. When the fluid to be tested is placed in the fluid receiving area of the test strip, a chemical reaction occurs between the enzyme and the fluid. The strength of the chemical reaction is dependent upon concentration of the analyte in the fluid.
Implementation Method 3
Some biosensors are designed to output a current indicative of the presence of the analyte to be detected. A current passes between the electrodes through the reactive enzyme. The magnitude of the current corresponds to the strength of the chemical reaction.
Data Source
AI summary
A bio-fluid test strip includes a fluid receiving area and a contact pad area for interfacing with a fluid sensing device. The test strip includes a fluid sensing electrodes and a first temperature sensing resistor in the fluid receiving area. The test strip further includes a second temperature sensing resistor in the contact pad area. The first and second temperature sensing resistors together provide an indication of the temperature difference between the fluid sensing area and ambience.