Glycated Hemoglobin Measurement Using Bead Conjugates and Absorption Pad
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for measuring glycated hemoglobin in diabetes diagnosis are cumbersome and require additional steps, such as signal generation with dyes or dilution, complicating the process and increasing measurement time.
Innovation Solution
A method involving hemolysis, reaction with bead conjugates, measurement of total and glycated hemoglobin, isolation using an absorption pad, and calculation to determine glycated hemoglobin concentration, which simplifies the process by eliminating the need for separate dye-based signal amplification and reducing intervention steps.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If dye-based signal generation materials are used for measuring glycated hemoglobin, then measurement sensitivity is improved, but device complexity and measurement time increase due to additional signal generation steps
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and utilizes the intrinsic light-absorbing properties of hemoglobin itself, eliminating the need for external dye-based signal generation materials. By measuring light absorption at specific wavelengths (540-560 nm) where hemoglobin naturally absorbs light, the method achieves measurement sensitivity without adding complex signal generation steps.
Solution Approach 2:
The hemoglobin molecule serves its own measurement function by naturally absorbing light at characteristic wavelengths. The glycated hemoglobin fraction is identified and quantified through its inherent optical properties without requiring external labeling or signal amplification, thereby simplifying the measuring device and process.
2Measurement precision
If additional measuring steps such as dilution are required, then measurement accuracy is improved, but productivity decreases due to increased measurement time and operator intervention
Solution Approach 1:
The invention combines the measurement of total hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin into a single integrated process. By measuring light absorption at multiple wavelengths simultaneously and using mathematical relationships between these measurements, the method determines glycated hemoglobin concentration without requiring separate dilution steps or additional operator interventions.
Solution Approach 2:
The method performs preliminary calculations and corrections for total hemoglobin concentration as part of the measurement process itself. By pre-establishing the mathematical relationships between light absorption at different wavelengths and glycated hemoglobin concentration, the system automatically compensates for variations in total hemoglobin levels without requiring manual dilution or separate measurement steps.
3Reliability
If multiple separate steps are required for glycated hemoglobin measurement, then measurement reliability is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates due to increased operator intervention
Solution Approach 1:
The invention creates a universal measuring system that handles both total hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin measurement through a single device and process. The system automatically performs wavelength-specific light absorption measurements and calculates glycated hemoglobin concentration using embedded algorithms, eliminating the need for operators to perform separate dilution, signaling, or calculation steps.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method allows for a more straightforward and efficient measurement of glycated hemoglobin concentration, reducing measurement time and complexity while maintaining accurate results.
Implementation Method 1
a hemolysis step of hemolyzing a blood sample with a hemolysate
Implementation Method 2
reacting the hemolyzed blood sample with bead conjugates in which beads are conjugated with glycated hemoglobin binding materials
Implementation Method 3
an isolation step of isolating normal hemoglobin from the glycated hemoglobin conjugated with the bead conjugates
Data Source
AI summary
A method for measuring glycated hemoglobin includes hemolyzing a blood sample with a hemolysate; reacting the hemolyzed blood sample with bead conjugates in which beads are conjugated with glycated hemoglobin binding materials; measuring the amount of total hemoglobin in the reacted blood sample; isolating normal hemoglobin from the glycated hemoglobin conjugated with the bead conjugates; measuring the amount of glycated hemoglobin isolated from the normal hemoglobin; and determining the percentage of the glycated hemoglobin in the blood sample on the basis of the measured amounts of total hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin. The isolation of normal hemoglobin is performed by absorbing the normal hemoglobin using an absorption pad that is a porous pad having pores, each of which has a size greater than the size of the normal hemoglobin and smaller than the size of the bead.