Glycated Protein Sensor with Segmented Enzyme Immobilization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional glycated protein measurement methods face challenges due to degradation reactions between protease and ketoamine oxidase, leading to inaccurate and time-consuming measurements, with a high likelihood of measurement errors depending on the technician's skill.
Innovation Solution
A glycated protein sensor comprising immobilized protease and ketoamine oxidase, combined with a hydrogen peroxide detection portion, which allows for repeated use and reduced costs by immobilizing enzymes on a substrate, thereby minimizing interference from body fluid contaminants and enhancing measurement sensitivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional enzyme methods are used with protease and ketoamine oxidase in solution, then the measurement can be performed, but degradation reactions between enzymes occur leading to inaccurate measurements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the measurement system into separate functional components: protease is immobilized on one substrate while ketoamine oxidase and hydrogen peroxide detection are separated on another substrate. This spatial segmentation prevents direct contact between protease and ketoamine oxidase, eliminating degradation reactions and improving both measurement accuracy and enzyme stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the protease function from the same phase as ketoamine oxidase by immobilizing protease on a solid substrate. This extraction removes the harmful interaction between free enzymes in solution while preserving the sequential enzymatic reaction pathway needed for accurate glycated protein measurement.
2Measurement precision
If multiple steps are involved in conventional measurement methods, then protein degradation and enzymatic reactions can be completed, but the measurement process becomes time-consuming and prone to technician errors
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple measurement steps into a single integrated assay by immobilizing both enzymes on compatible substrates that work sequentially in the same reaction system. This consolidation maintains complete enzymatic processing while reducing the overall measurement time and eliminating intermediate handling steps that cause technician errors.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary immobilization of enzymes onto substrates before the actual measurement, preparing the reaction system in advance. This preliminary action allows the measurement itself to proceed rapidly without requiring complex step-by-step manual interventions, thereby reducing measurement time while ensuring complete enzymatic reactions.
3Productivity
If enzymes are used in solution form, then the measurement can proceed, but production costs are high and repeated use is difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the enzymatic system into reusable solid-phase components that can be manufactured separately and assembled. This segmentation enables cost-effective production through standardized substrate manufacturing while allowing repeated use of the immobilized enzyme systems, improving productivity without increasing production costs.
4Measurement precision
If conventional measurement methods are used, then glycated protein can be measured, but measurement errors are likely to occur depending on technician skill
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines all necessary enzymatic functions into a single integrated measurement system where protease and ketoamine oxidase work sequentially on their respective substrates. This merger creates a self-contained assay that minimizes manual intervention and technician skill requirements, reducing operator dependency while maintaining measurement capability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The sensor enables accurate, rapid, and repeatable measurements of glycated proteins with improved sensitivity and reduced production costs, while minimizing the impact of contaminants and technician variability.
Implementation Method 1
the protein is degraded into amino acids by protease in the first step
Implementation Method 2
only the glycated amino acid of these amino acids is reacted with ketoamine oxidase in the second step to generate hydrogen peroxide
Implementation Method 3
the hydrogen peroxide is converted into a color development reaction in the third step to measure the absorbance
Implementation Method 4
A glycated protein sensor comprising an immobilized protease, an immobilized ketoamine oxidase, and a hydrogen peroxide detection portion
Data Source
AI summary
A fluid device for measuring glycated protein includes a protease container portion containing a protease immobilized therein, and a ketoamine oxidase container portion arranged separate from and fluidly connected to the protease container portion. The ketoamine oxidase container portion containing a hydrogen peroxide detection portion and a ketoamine oxidase is immobilized on the hydrogen peroxide portion.