Low-Pressure Glycerol Hydrogenation Catalyst for 1,2-Propanediol

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current processes for producing 1,2-propanediol from glycerol-containing streams, particularly those from biodiesel production, face challenges in achieving high yields and selectivity due to high water content and impurities, which affect catalyst efficiency and product quality.

Innovation Solution

A process involving low-pressure hydrogenation of glycerol-containing streams with a water content of less than 20% using a copper-containing, heterogeneous catalyst, including metals like Cu, Al, La, W, Mo, Ti, and Zr, at pressures below 100 bar, with optional work-up steps to remove impurities and improve stream purity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If conventional high-pressure hydrogenation processes are used to produce 1,2-propanediol from glycerol-containing streams, then reaction completeness can be achieved, but the process complexity and energy consumption increase significantly due to high water content and impurities requiring extensive pre-treatment

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveyield of 1,2-propanediolVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by optimizing reaction conditions including temperature range (150-300°C), pressure range (1-100 bar), and catalyst composition to achieve high conversion efficiency without requiring extensive pre-treatment of glycerol-containing streams, thus resolving the contradiction between productivity and process complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs readily available catalysts such as copper, zinc oxide, and aluminum oxide that can be easily prepared and replaced, avoiding the need for complex catalyst systems and extensive pre-treatment facilities, thereby reducing device complexity while maintaining high productivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

2Quantity of substance

If high water content streams are used in hydrogenation, then the availability of glycerol streams from biodiesel production is improved, but catalyst efficiency and product quality deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveavailability of glycerol streamVSAvoidproduct quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces specific catalysts acting as intermediaries that facilitate the hydrogenation reaction even in the presence of water and impurities. The catalysts (copper-based, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide) mediate between the crude glycerol stream and the hydrogenation reaction, enabling high product quality without extensive pre-treatment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent optimizes reaction parameters including temperature (150-300°C), pressure (1-100 bar), and catalyst composition to achieve high selectivity for 1,2-propanediol even when processing glycerol streams with water content up to 80% and various impurities, thus maintaining manufacturing precision while utilizing available streams

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Manufacturing precision

If extensive pre-treatment processes are applied to remove water and impurities, then catalyst efficiency and product quality are improved, but processing time and energy consumption increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproduct qualityVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs simple, readily available catalysts that tolerate water and impurities, eliminating the need for complex and time-consuming pre-treatment processes. The catalysts can be easily prepared and replaced, significantly reducing processing time while maintaining product quality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent optimizes reaction conditions including temperature (150-300°C), pressure (1-100 bar), and catalyst composition to achieve high conversion efficiency and selectivity without requiring extensive pre-treatment, thus reducing processing time while maintaining manufacturing precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Productivity

If high hydrogen pressure is applied to achieve complete hydrogenation, then conversion completeness is improved, but energy consumption and operational costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconversion completenessVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSUse of energy by stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes reaction parameters including pressure (1-100 bar), temperature (150-300°C), and catalyst composition to achieve high conversion completeness at moderate hydrogen pressures, significantly reducing energy consumption compared to conventional high-pressure processes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs readily available catalysts that enable complete hydrogenation at lower pressures, avoiding the need for expensive high-pressure equipment and reducing operational energy costs while maintaining conversion completeness

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method enables high yields and selectivity for 1,2-propanediol production, even with high glycerol concentration streams, by optimizing reaction conditions and catalyst composition to handle impurities and water content effectively.

Implementation Method 1

subjects the glycerine-containing stream to hydrogenation in the presence of a copper-containing, heterogeneous catalyst

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCatalysis: Catalysis

Implementation Method 2

low-pressure hydrogenation of glycerol-containing streams

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrogenation: Hydrogenation

Data Source

PatentEP2200960B1Method for producing 1,2-propandiol by low-pressure hydrogenation of glycerine
Publication Date: 2015.11.04 BASF SE

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for producing 1,2-propandiol, wherein a flow containing glycerine, in particular a flow produced on an industrial scale during the production of biodiesel, is subjected to low-pressure hydrogenation.