Glycidyl Tertiary Carbonic Ester Synthesis via Biphasic Water Extraction
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for synthesizing glycidylester of tertiary carbonic acid are inefficient, leading to low yields, high production costs, environmental pollution, and unsuitability for industrial production due to excessive water usage, side reactions, and the need for multiple dehydrohalogenation steps.
Innovation Solution
A two-step synthesis method using water as the sole solvent in the first step and a water-miscible solvent in the second step, with basic catalysts and controlled conditions to minimize byproducts and optimize recovery of halo substituted epoxide, reducing the number of dehydrohalogenation steps and environmental impact.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If water-miscible solvent (isopropanol) is used in the first step of catalytic synthesis, then the reaction can proceed smoothly, but large amount of water is required and solvent/product loss occurs during separation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the water-miscible solvent (isopropanol) from the reaction system and replaces it with a biphasic system consisting of organic phase (reaction mixture) and aqueous phase (salt solution). This extraction of the problematic solvent eliminates the need for large amounts of water while enabling easy phase separation and minimizing loss of organic materials during separation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent divides the reaction system into two distinct phases: an organic phase containing the reaction mixture and an aqueous phase containing the salt solution. This segmentation allows for smooth reaction progression in the organic phase while enabling clean separation of phases, preventing solvent and product loss that occurs in homogeneous water-miscible systems.
2Ease of manufacture
If large amount of water is used in the first step, then the reaction can proceed, but the concentration of saline water is low and requires extensive processing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the water requirement from the organic reaction phase and confines it to a separate aqueous phase. By using a biphasic system where water is not the reaction medium but rather a separate phase for catalyst dissolution and byproduct removal, the patent minimizes total water consumption while maintaining reaction feasibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the physical state and distribution parameters of water in the system. Instead of using water as the bulk reaction medium (high concentration), water is used as a separate phase with controlled volume (lower overall concentration). This parameter change reduces water consumption while maintaining the necessary chemical environment for the reaction.
3Manufacturing precision
If multiple dehydrohalogenation steps are used, then complete conversion can be achieved, but production time increases and productivity decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the dehydrohalogenation step with the main catalytic synthesis reaction by using the same basic catalyst and reaction conditions. Instead of performing dehydrohalogenation as a separate subsequent step, it occurs concurrently during the esterification process, thereby achieving complete conversion without extending production time.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs the dehydrohalogenation action preliminarily during the main reaction process. By designing the reaction system to facilitate simultaneous esterification and dehydrohalogenation, the necessary structural changes occur before the reaction completes, eliminating the need for additional processing steps.
4Manufacturing precision
If halo substituted epoxide is used in excess, then reaction completion is improved, but side reactions occur and raw material is wasted
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements feedback control through the biphasic system where the aqueous phase continuously removes byproducts and excess reagents from the organic phase. This feedback mechanism allows the reaction to proceed to completion without accumulating excess halo substituted epoxide, preventing side reactions and minimizing raw material waste through dynamic equilibrium control.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method significantly increases product yield, reduces raw material consumption, minimizes high boiling point byproducts, and decreases environmental discharge, resulting in a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly industrial production process with high-purity glycidylester of tertiary carbonic acid.
Implementation Method 1
in the presence of water and catalyst only, the tertiary carbonic acid reacts with halo substituted epoxides
Implementation Method 2
alkali metal hydroxides or alkali metal alkoxides are added to react; adjusting the obtained upper organic phase to neutral by adding acidifier or by passing through CO2
Implementation Method 3
the reaction mixture is allowed to stratify after reaction, and the lower saline water is separated
Implementation Method 4
adjusting the obtained upper organic phase to neutral by adding acidifier or by passing through CO2
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides a preparation method of glycidylester of tertiary carbonic acid. The synthesis is performed in two steps: first, the tertiary carbonic acid reacts with a halo substituted epoxide under a catalyst to produce tertiary carbonic halo substituted alcohol ester; after dehydrohalogenation of the halo substituted alcohol ester of tertiary carbonic acid, the glycidylester of tertiary carbonic acid is formed. In the first step of preparing the halo substituted alcohol ester of tertiary carbonic acid through synthesis, the reaction between the tertiary carbonic acid and the halo substituted epoxide is only performed in the existence of water and the catalyst, and the water comprises water added before the reaction. The present disclosure significantly increases the product output in the unit volume, and is particularly suitable for industrial production of glycidylester of tertiary carbonic acid having the low cost, high purity, low color and stable color.