Glycine-NAC-NR Composition for Oxidative Stress and Glutathione Loss
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Solution Overview
Problem
Aging-related cognitive decline and oxidative stress are significant challenges associated with decreased glutathione levels, leading to various metabolic and degenerative diseases, with existing treatments being inadequate in addressing these issues effectively.
Innovation Solution
A combination of glycine or its derivatives, N-acetylcysteine or its derivatives, and nicotinamide riboside or NAD+ precursors is administered to reduce oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function, thereby treating or preventing conditions such as oxidative stress, reduced glutathione levels, and related metabolic and degenerative diseases.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional treatments are used to address oxidative stress and cognitive decline, then existing conditions can be managed, but the treatments are inadequate in addressing these issues effectively
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple compounds (glycine, N-acetylcysteine, and nicotinamide riboside or NAD+ precursors) into a synergistic formulation that collectively addresses oxidative stress and cognitive decline more effectively than single-agent treatments. This combination approach allows the compounds to work together through multiple mechanisms: glycine and NAC boost glutathione production while NR/NAD+ precursors enhance mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative damage, thereby resolving the inadequacy of conventional single-treatment approaches.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite therapeutic formulation integrating different molecular components with complementary functions. The composite nature of the formulation enables simultaneous targeting of multiple pathways involved in oxidative stress and cognitive aging, achieving superior therapeutic effectiveness compared to conventional single-component treatments.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If glutathione levels are reduced, then oxidative stress increases, but the body's ability to detoxify reactive intermediates decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs preliminary action by providing precursors (glycine and N-acetylcysteine) that the body can convert into glutathione before oxidative stress occurs. This proactive supplementation ensures adequate glutathione levels are maintained, enabling the detoxification system to function effectively against reactive oxygen species and other harmful intermediates, thereby preventing the decline in detoxification ability associated with reduced glutathione.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the parameter of glutathione concentration by supplying its constituent amino acids (glycine and cysteine via NAC), thereby increasing intracellular glutathione levels. This parameter change restores the redox balance and enhances the cell's capacity to neutralize reactive oxygen species, directly addressing the relationship between low glutathione and reduced detoxification capability.
3Loss of time
If aging progresses, then cognitive function declines, but the underlying cellular processes causing damage accumulate over time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful accumulation of free radical damage over time into a beneficial therapeutic opportunity. By providing antioxidants (glycine, NAC) and mitochondrial supporters (NR, NAD+ precursors), the formulation counteracts the cumulative oxidative damage that normally accelerates with age. This approach transforms the trajectory of cognitive decline by actively neutralizing free radicals and protecting neuronal structures, thereby extending the period of cognitive functionality despite the passage of time.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention ensures continuity of useful action by maintaining steady levels of glutathione and NAD+ through continuous supplementation with their precursors. This sustained presence of protective molecules prevents the progressive accumulation of oxidative damage that would otherwise occur with aging, thereby maintaining cognitive function over extended periods rather than allowing continuous decline.
4Use of energy by moving object
If mitochondrial efficiency decreases, then oxidative stress increases, but energy production is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the parameter of mitochondrial function by providing nicotinamide riboside or NAD+ precursors, which are essential cofactors for mitochondrial energy production. This supplementation restores mitochondrial efficiency, thereby reducing the leakage of reactive oxygen species during oxidative phosphorylation. The improved mitochondrial parameter directly lowers oxidative stress while maintaining energy production capacity.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses NAD+ and its precursor NR as intermediaries to bridge the gap between mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. NAD+ serves as a mediator that enhances mitochondrial respiration and reduces ROS generation, while glycine and NAC act as intermediary substances that boost glutathione levels to further mitigate oxidative damage. This intermediary approach simultaneously improves energy production and reduces oxidative stress.
Data Source
AI summary
A composition can treat or prevent at least one physical state selected from the group consisting of oxidative stress, a condition associated with oxidative stress, a reduced level of glutathione, and a condition associated with a reduced level of glutathione. The composition contains an effective amount of a combination of at least one glycine or functional derivative thereof, at least one N-acetylcysteine or functional derivative thereof, and at least one nicotinamide riboside or NAD+ precursor. The composition can be orally administered, for example as one or more of a food product, a food for special medical purposes (FSMP), a nutritional supplement, a ready to drink formula, a dairy-based drink, a low-volume liquid supplement, powder formats for liquid reconstitution or a meal replacement beverage.