Standalone GNSS Anti-Jam Nuller-Beamformer
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing anti-jamming (AJ) nuller-beamformers for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are not modular and separable from the receiver, limiting their performance and scalability due to integration with the rest of the GNSS system, and are affected by frequency-dependent gain and phase mismatches among array elements.
Innovation Solution
A standalone self-contained SFAP-T nuller-beamformer that includes an antenna array, analog and digital front-ends, frequency and time-domain partitioning, weight calculation and application modules, and sampling rate conversion, allowing independent operation and integration with GNSS receivers while providing enhanced AJ performance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If AJ nuller-beamformers are integrated with GNSS receivers, then AJ performance is improved, but device complexity and loss of independence increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the AJ nuller-beamformer into a separate standalone module that can be independently designed, tested, and maintained apart from the GNSS receiver. This segmentation allows the AJ function to be optimized without compromising the receiver's overall system complexity, while still achieving deep spatial nulls through dedicated hardware and software resources.
Solution Approach 2:
The AJ nuller-beamformer is extracted as an independent functional block from the GNSS receiver system. This extraction enables the AJ processing to be performed in a separate processing chain, allowing for specialized algorithms and hardware optimization without entangling the AJ functionality with the receiver's signal acquisition and tracking functions.
2Reliability
If SFAP and STAP techniques are combined, then AJ performance is improved, but processing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines SFAP (Space-Frequency Adaptive Processing) and STAP (Space-Time Adaptive Processing) techniques into a unified SFAP-T algorithm. This merging leverages the complementary strengths of both methods: SFAP's effectiveness against frequency-dependent gain mismatches and STAP's superiority against phase mismatches. The combined approach achieves deeper and more robust spatial nulls than either technique alone, despite the increased processing requirements.
3Reliability
If separate spatial beams are created for different GNSS satellites, then AJ performance is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements separate spatial beamforming for different GNSS satellites, creating satellite-specific beams with tailored nulling characteristics. Each beam is optimized for its corresponding satellite's direction and frequency characteristics, allowing for localized adaptation to different jamming scenarios. This local quality approach enables deeper nulls in specific directions without requiring full-system reconfiguration.
Data Source
AI summary
A method and apparatus for providing a standalone anti jamming (AJ) nuller-beamformer. Signals from an antenna array include a sum of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals and jamming signals from a plurality of spatial sources. A front end is configured to amplify, filter, down-convert, and sample the input signals which are then filtered, down-converted, and decimated prior to frequency-domain and time-domain partitioning. Weights are computed and applied for spatial nulling of jamming signals in each frequency bin for the partitioned signals. Frequency and time-domain reconstruction generates a reconstructed signal with suppressed jamming.