GNSS Jamming and Spoofing Detection via Spatial Signal Analysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
The challenge is to detect and differentiate between jamming and spoofing attempts on global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in real-time without deploying special equipment, as these interference methods can lead to critical positioning errors, especially in military and civilian contexts, where timely detection is crucial.
Innovation Solution
A system that establishes a region of coverage for signal parameters, using transceivers to measure signal power distribution and compare it to a known distribution, generating alerts locally and accumulating data regionally to determine if interference is due to jamming or spoofing, employing inertial navigation for independent position measurements to verify the source of interference.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If portable GPS satellite simulators and jammers are placed in the vicinity of targeted receivers, then the ability to disrupt or spoof positioning data is improved, but the detectability of such interference without special equipment deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system pre-establishes a model of the expected spatial distribution of GPS signal parameters (such as signal strength following inverse-square law with distance) before interference occurs. This preliminary model enables real-time comparison with actual measurements to detect deviations indicating jamming or spoofing, allowing detection without special equipment beyond standard GPS receivers.
Solution Approach 2:
The system continuously monitors GPS signal parameters, compares them against the predicted spatial distribution model, and generates alerts when deviations exceed thresholds. This feedback mechanism enables real-time detection of interference attempts by portable simulators and jammers, converting the undetectable interference into actionable intelligence.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If GPS signal strength is measured at -150 dBm with a jammer-to-signal ratio of +80 dB, then the jamming effectiveness is improved, but the power requirements for the jammer are reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The system exploits the local nature of GPS interference by detecting signal parameter deviations in the immediate vicinity of the receiver. By focusing detection on local spatial distribution anomalies rather than requiring global signal analysis, the system can detect small-scale portable jammers and simulators that operate with limited power at close range.
3Loss of time
If real-time detection of jamming and spoofing is required without special equipment, then the response time is improved, but the measurement precision may deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The system pre-computes the expected spatial distribution model of GPS signal parameters based on satellite ephemeris data and geometric relationships. This preliminary model allows immediate real-time comparison with actual measurements without requiring complex real-time calculations, achieving both rapid detection and maintained precision using standard receiver equipment.
Data Source
AI summary
A set of global navigation satellite system receivers is deployed in and moves about a region that may be occupied by a signal jammer or spoofer. The receivers collect truth data from spectral content of the broadcast satellite signal and, optionally, from a set of sensors associated with each receiver from which an independent determination of location can be derived. The truth data are compared with data acquired by the receivers and an alert is issued upon detection of an anomaly. The data from receivers in a region of influence of the jammer or spoofer are aggregated, integrated, and correlated to generate a two-dimensional representation of a region in which the offending signals are present.