Loop-Resonator GNSS Antenna for Compact Circular Polarization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional patch antennas are limited by low frequency modulation capability, high weight, low gain, and narrow bandwidth, which hinder their performance in applications requiring miniaturization, lightweight design, and high-accuracy positioning.
Innovation Solution
A GNSS antenna design featuring a patch, capacitive elements, and a ground plate connected by connecting conductors to form four loop-type current resonators, allowing for miniaturization and high-gain circularly polarized signals without a high-dielectric substrate, utilizing symmetrical and orthogonal resonator arrangements to enhance radiation performance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If a high-dielectric substrate is used to reduce antenna size, then miniaturization is achieved, but weight increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the high-dielectric substrate from the antenna structure, replacing it with an air-backed design. This extraction eliminates the weight penalty associated with dense ceramic substrates while maintaining miniaturization through alternative means (compact patch geometry and resonant cavity design).
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite structure combining a metallic patch, air cavity, and ground plane with moderate dielectric material. This composite approach achieves miniaturization without relying solely on high-dielectric constants, thereby reducing weight while maintaining compact dimensions.
2Ease of manufacture
If conventional patch antenna design is used, then manufacturing is simplified, but gain and circular polarization performance are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the antenna into distinct functional components: a fed patch region, resonant cavity sections, and ground plane elements. This segmentation enables independent optimization of each region for both manufacturing feasibility and electromagnetic performance, achieving circular polarization and high gain without excessive complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a conventional planar patch antenna to a three-dimensional air-backed cavity structure. This dimensional change enables enhanced gain and circular polarization capabilities while maintaining manufacturing simplicity through standard PCB and machining techniques.
3Volume of moving object
If miniaturization is achieved through high-dielectric substrates, then antenna size is reduced, but bandwidth and frequency modulation capability are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates variable capacitive elements that can be electrically adjusted to change the resonant frequency of the antenna. This dynamic tuning capability allows frequency modulation across a broader range while maintaining the compact air-backed structure, overcoming the bandwidth limitations of fixed high-dielectric designs.
4Volume of moving object
If high-dielectric ceramic materials are used, then miniaturization is achieved, but manufacturing complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces expensive, difficult-to-process ceramic substrates with more economical materials such as standard PCB substrates and air cavities. This substitution reduces manufacturing complexity and cost while achieving comparable or superior performance through the air-backed resonant cavity design.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design achieves a significant reduction in size and weight while improving gain and circular polarization, enhancing radiation efficiency and directivity without increasing size, and allowing frequency tuning across a broader range.
Implementation Method 1
The patch, the first capacitive element, the fifth capacitive element, the connecting conductor, and the ground plate are electrically connected to form a first loop-type current resonator
Implementation Method 2
high-gain circularly polarized signals
Implementation Method 3
a first capacitive element, a second capacitive element, a third capacitive element, a fourth capacitive element, a fifth capacitive element, a sixth capacitive element, a seventh capacitive element, an eighth capacitive element
Data Source
AI summary
Some embodiments of the disclosure provide a GNSS antenna. In some examples, the GNSS antenna includes a patch, a first capacitive element, a second capacitive element, a third capacitive element, a fourth capacitive element, a fifth capacitive element, a sixth capacitive element, a seventh capacitive element, an eighth capacitive element, a connecting conductor, and a ground plate. In some examples, the ground plate is arranged under the patch; the patch, the capacitive elements, the connecting conductor, and the ground plate are electrically connected to form a first loop-type current resonator, a second loop-type current resonator, a third loop-type current resonator, and a fourth loop-type current resonator, respectively, the first loop-type current resonator, the second loop-type current resonator, the third loop-type current resonator, and the fourth loop-type current resonator are sequentially arranged in a crosswise manner.