Low-Temperature Gold Layer Formation on Ceramic Substrates
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for producing metal layers on ceramic materials require high temperatures and do not efficiently achieve a bright gold layer with variable thickness and strong adhesion at low temperatures, while also being environmentally friendly and cost-effective.
Innovation Solution
A process involving a composition of gold particles in a polar, protic organic solvent with limited water content, applied to a substrate and heated between 25 to 200°C to form a bright gold layer with adjustable thickness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If conventional methods are used to produce metal layers on ceramic materials, then a gold layer can be formed, but high temperatures (400-1200°C) are required
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters of the coating solution by using a polar aprotic solvent system instead of conventional aqueous or organic solvents. This parameter change enables the gold precursor to decompose and form a gold layer at significantly lower temperatures (25-200°C) while maintaining manufacturing simplicity through a straightforward dip-coating or spray-coating process
2Strength
If high temperatures are used to form a gold layer, then the layer can be produced, but the adhesion and brightness are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the solvent polarity parameter by selecting a polar aprotic solvent with specific dielectric constant and dipole moment characteristics. This enables the gold precursor to form a uniform coating that adheres strongly to the substrate at low temperatures and produces a bright, reflective gold layer upon decomposition
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces the thermal energy input (high temperature heating) with a chemically-driven process where the polar aprotic solvent facilitates low-temperature decomposition of the gold precursor. This substitution achieves strong adhesion and brightness without requiring high thermal energy input
3Object-affected harmful factors
If conventional aqueous solutions are used, then the process is simple, but the environmental impact is negative and the layer quality is poor
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the solvent type parameter from aqueous or conventional organic solvents to polar aprotic solvents. This change eliminates environmental harm by using non-aqueous, non-toxic solvents while maintaining process simplicity through easy application methods and straightforward processing conditions
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses volatile polar aprotic solvents that evaporate completely during the low-temperature heating process, leaving only the gold layer without requiring complex waste treatment systems. This approach reduces environmental impact while keeping the process simple and cost-effective
4Manufacturing precision
If gold particles are applied to a substrate, then a coating is formed, but the thickness cannot be controlled and the surface is not bright
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the concentration parameter of the gold precursor in the polar aprotic solvent solution. By adjusting the concentration, the inventor can precisely control the thickness of the resulting gold layer. The polar aprotic solvent ensures uniform distribution of gold particles, leading to a consistent and bright surface finish
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The process effectively produces a bright, firmly adhering gold layer with variable thickness at low temperatures, offering an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution for metal layer formation on ceramic materials.
Implementation Method 1
a composition comprising i. gold (Au) particles in an amount in the range from 0.1 to 50% by weight; ii. a balance to 100% by weight of a polar, protic organic solvent
Implementation Method 2
heating of the precursor to a temperature in the range from 25 to 200° C. to give the coated layer structure
Data Source
AI summary
Process for producing a layer structure, which comprises the steps:E1. provision of a composition comprisingi. gold (Au) particles in an amount in the range from 0.1 to 50% by weight;ii. a balance to 100% by weight of a polar, protic organic solvent;iii. less than 5% by weight of water,where the % by weight, in each case based on the total mass of the composition, add up to 100% by weight;E2. application of the composition to a substrate to give a precursor;E3. heating of the precursor to a temperature in the range from 25 to 200° C. to give the layer structure.