Gold Nanoparticle-Aptamer Antibody Delivery System
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for delivering antibodies into cells are ineffective for in vivo applications and limited to specific antibodies, with most antibody-based therapies targeting surface-exposed receptors, and there is a need for a non-cytotoxic delivery system that can efficiently transport antibodies into mammalian cells.
Innovation Solution
A gold nanoparticle-aptamer conjugate is developed, where an aptamer specifically binding to the Fc domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to create an antibody carrier that can deliver antibodies into cells, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, with low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If various nano carriers (transmembrane peptide, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, dextran, dendrimer, carbon nanotube) are used to deliver antibodies into cells, then delivery capability is improved, but cytotoxicity increases and in vivo delivery effectiveness remains poor
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an aptamer as an intermediary component that specifically binds to the Fc region of antibodies. This aptamer acts as a mediator between the gold nanoparticle carrier and the antibody, enabling gentle and specific antibody delivery without the cytotoxic effects associated with other nano carriers. The aptamer-antibody interaction is highly specific and occurs under physiological conditions, avoiding cellular damage.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical and physical parameters of the delivery system by using gold nanoparticles with specific surface properties and aptamers with complementary base sequences. The aptamer design includes specific modifications (such as thiol groups) that enable controlled binding to gold nanoparticles while maintaining antibody binding capability. This parameter optimization allows effective delivery without cytotoxicity.
2Reliability
If antibodies are delivered into cells using existing methods, then intracellular delivery is achieved, but the methods are limited to specific antibodies and require extensive packaging and modification
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal delivery platform where a single aptamer design can bind to the conserved Fc region of various IgG antibodies. This universal aptamer approach eliminates the need for separate packaging and modification procedures for each antibody type. The gold nanoparticle-aptamer conjugate serves as a universal carrier that can deliver different antibodies into cells without requiring antibody-specific engineering.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the Fc-binding capability from the entire antibody molecule by designing an aptamer that specifically recognizes and binds to the Fc region. This extracted binding capability is then incorporated into the gold nanoparticle carrier, separating the delivery function from the antibody's therapeutic function. This extraction simplifies the delivery system while maintaining effectiveness.
3Reliability
If most antibodies are designed to target surface-exposed receptors, then clinical approval is achieved, but the ability to target intracellular antigens is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The patent adds a new dimension to antibody therapy by enabling intracellular delivery, which transforms antibodies from extracellular-only agents to agents that can function both outside and inside cells. The gold nanoparticle-aptamer conjugate system provides this dimensional transition, allowing antibodies to cross cell membranes and reach intracellular targets while maintaining their proven clinical safety profile.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The antibody carrier effectively delivers antibodies into cells, demonstrating potential for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications, including cancer treatment, with low cytotoxicity and the ability to reflect light at various wavelengths for easy detection.
Implementation Method 1
an aptamer specifically binding to the Fc domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG)
Implementation Method 2
the antibody carrier effectively delivers antibodies into cells
Implementation Method 3
the ability to reflect light at various wavelengths for easy detection
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention relates to an antibody carrier based on a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-aptamer conjugate and a method of preparing the same. The antibody carrier according to the present invention is prepared by binding of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc domain-specific aptamer or a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-specific aptamer to AuNP, and may effectively deliver an antibody into the cell nucleus, the cytoplasm and mitochondria by specific binding of the antibody to be delivered to the aptamer. In addition, since the AuNP having very low cytotoxicity is used, the antibody carrier is not only harmless to the human body, but may also detect a location in cells easily by reflecting light at various wavelengths, and therefore, it is expected to be effectively used in diagnosis or treatment of a disease.